This documentation is for the extended support release (ESR) version of Cumulus Linux. We will continue to keep this content up to date until 21 February, 2023, when ESR support ends. For more information about ESR, please read this knowledge base article.

If you are using the current version of Cumulus Linux, the content on this page may not be up to date. The current version of the documentation is available here. If you are redirected to the main page of the user guide, then this page may have been renamed; please search for it there.

Monitoring Best Practices

The following monitoring processes are considered best practices for reviewing and troubleshooting potential issues with Cumulus Linux environments. In addition, several of the more common issues have been listed, with potential solutions included.

Overview

This document describes:

  • Metrics that you can poll from Cumulus Linux and use in trend analysis
  • Critical log messages that you can monitor for triggered alerts

Trend Analysis Using Metrics

A metric is a quantifiable measure that is used to track and assess the status of a specific infrastructure component. It is a check collected over time. Examples of metrics include bytes on an interface, CPU utilization, and total number of routes.

Metrics are more valuable when used for trend analysis.

Generate Alerts with Triggered Logging

Triggered issues are normally sent to syslog, but can go to another log file depending on the feature. In Cumulus Linux, rsyslog handles all logging, including local and remote logging. Logs are the best method to use for generating alerts when the system transitions from a stable steady state.

Sending logs to a centralized collector, then creating alerts based on critical logs is an optimal solution for alerting.

Log Formatting

Most log files in Cumulus Linux use a standard presentation format. For example, consider this syslog entry:

2017-03-08T06:26:43.569681+00:00 leaf01 sysmonitor: Critically high CPU use: 99%
  • 2017-03-08T06:26:43.569681+00:00 is the timestamp.
  • leaf01 is the hostname.
  • sysmonitor is the process that is the source of the message.
  • Critically high CPU use: 99% is the message.

For brevity and legibility, the timestamp and hostname have been omitted from the examples in this chapter.

Hardware

The smond process provides monitoring functionality for various switch hardware elements. Minimum or maximum values are output depending on the flags applied to the basic command. The hardware elements and applicable commands and flags are listed in the table below.

Hardware Element

Monitoring Command/s

Interval Poll

Temperature

cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j
cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j -s TEMP[X]

10 seconds

Fan

cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j
cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j -s FAN[X]

10 seconds

PSU

cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j
cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j -s PSU[X]

10 seconds

PSU Fan

cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j
cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j -s PSU[X]Fan[X]

10 seconds

PSU Temperature

cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j
cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j -s PSU[X]Temp[X]

10 seconds

Voltage

cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j
cumulus@switch:~$ smonctl -j -s Volt[X]

10 seconds

Front Panel LED

cumulus@switch:~$ ledmgrd -d
cumulus@switch:~$ ledmgrd -j

In Cumulus Linux 3.7.11 and later, you can run net show system leds, which is the NCLU command equivalent of ledmgrd -d.

5 seconds

Not all switch models include a sensor for monitoring power consumption and voltage. See this note for details.

Hardware Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

High temperature

/var/log/syslog
/usr/sbin/smond : : Temp1(Board Sensor near CPU): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Temp2(Board Sensor Near Virtual Switch): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Temp3(Board Sensor at Front Left Corner): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Temp4(Board Sensor at Front Right Corner): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Temp5(Board Sensor near Fan): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK

Fan speed issues

/var/log/syslog
/usr/sbin/smond : : Fan1(Fan Tray 1, Fan 1): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Fan2(Fan Tray 1, Fan 2): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Fan3(Fan Tray 2, Fan 1): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Fan4(Fan Tray 2, Fan 2): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Fan5(Fan Tray 3, Fan 1): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : Fan6(Fan Tray 3, Fan 2): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK

PSU failure

/var/log/syslog
/usr/sbin/smond : : PSU1Fan1(PSU1 Fan): state changed from UNKNOWN to OK
/usr/sbin/smond : : PSU2Fan1(PSU2 Fan): state changed from UNKNOWN to BAD

System Data

Cumulus Linux includes a number of ways to monitor various aspects of system data. In addition, alerts are issued in high risk situations.

CPU Idle Time

When a CPU reports five high CPU alerts within a span of five minutes, an alert is logged.

Short High CPU Bursts

Short bursts of high CPU can occur during switchd churn or routing protocol startup. Do not set alerts for these short bursts.

System Element

Monitoring Command/s

Interval Poll

CPU utilization

cumulus@switch:~$ cat /proc/stat
cumulus@switch:~$ top -b -n 1

30 seconds

CPU Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

High CPU

/var/log/syslog
sysmonitor: Critically high CPU use: 99%
systemd[1]: Starting Monitor system resources (cpu, memory, disk)...
systemd[1]: Started Monitor system resources (cpu, memory, disk).
sysmonitor: High CPU use: 89%
systemd[1]: Starting Monitor system resources (cpu, memory, disk)...
systemd[1]: Started Monitor system resources (cpu, memory, disk).
sysmonitor: CPU use no longer high: 77%

Cumulus Linux 3.0 and later monitors CPU, memory, and disk space via sysmonitor. The configurations for the thresholds are stored in /etc/cumulus/sysmonitor.conf. More information is available with man sysmonitor.

CPU measureThresholds
UseAlert: 90% Crit: 95%
Process LoadAlarm: 95% Crit: 125%
Click here to see differences between Cumulus Linux 2.5 ESR and 3.0 and later...

CPU Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

High CPU

/var/log/syslog
jdoo[2803]: 'localhost' cpu system usage of 41.1% matches resource limit [cpu system usage>30.0%]
jdoo[4727]: 'localhost' sysloadavg(15min) of 111.0 matches resource limit [sysloadavg(15min)>110.0]

In Cumulus Linux 2.5, CPU logs are created with each unique threshold:

CPU measure< 2.5 Threshold
User70%
System30%
Wait20%

In Cumulus Linux 2.5, CPU and memory warnings are generated with jdoo. The configuration for the thresholds is stored in /etc/jdoo/jdoorc.d/cl-utilities.rc.

Disk Usage

When monitoring disk utilization, you can exclude tmpfs from monitoring.

System Element

Monitoring Command/s

Interval Poll

Disk utilization

cumulus@switch:~$ /bin/df -x tmpfs

300 seconds

Process Restart

In Cumulus Linux 3.0 and later, systemd is responsible for monitoring and restarting processes.

Process Element

Monitoring Command/s

View processes monitored by systemd

cumulus@switch:~$ systemctl status
Click here to changes from Cumulus Linux 2.5 ESR to 3.0 and later...

Cumulus Linux 2.5.2 through 2.5 ESR uses a forked version of monit called jdoo to monitor processes. If the process fails, jdoo invokes init.d to restart the process.

Process Element

Monitoring Command/s

View processes monitored by jdoo

cumulus@switch:~$ jdoo summary

View process restarts

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo cat /var/log/syslog

View current process state

cumulus@switch:~$ ps -aux

Layer 1 Protocols and Interfaces

Link and port state interface transitions are logged to /var/log/syslog and /var/log/switchd.log.

Interface Element

Monitoring Command/s

Link state

cumulus@switch:~$ cat /sys/class/net/[iface]/operstate          
cumulus@switch:~$ net show interface all json

Link speed

cumulus@switch:~$ cat /sys/class/net/[iface]/speed           
cumulus@switch:~$ net show interface all json

Port state

cumulus@switch:~$ ip link show
cumulus@switch:~$ net show interface all json

Bond state

cumulus@switch:~$ cat /proc/net/bonding/[bond]
cumulus@switch:~$ net show interface all json

Interface counters are obtained from either querying the hardware or the Linux kernel. The two outputs should align, but the Linux kernel aggregates the output from the hardware.

Interface Counter Element

Monitoring Command/s

Interval Poll

Interface counters

cumulus@switch:~$ cat /sys/class/net/[iface]/statistics/[stat_name]
cumulus@switch:~$ net show counters json
cumulus@switch:~$ cl-netstat -j
cumulus@switch:~$ ethtool -S [iface]

10 seconds

Layer 1 Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

Link failure/Link flap

/var/log/switchd.log
switchd[5692]: nic.c:213 nic_set_carrier: swp17: setting kernel carrier: down
switchd[5692]: netlink.c:291 libnl: swp1, family 0, ifi 20, oper down
switchd[5692]: nic.c:213 nic_set_carrier: swp1: setting kernel carrier: up
switchd[5692]: netlink.c:291 libnl: swp17, family 0, ifi 20, oper up

Unidirectional link

/var/log/switchd.log
/var/log/ptm.log
ptmd[7146]: ptm_bfd.c:2471 Created new session 0x1 with peer 10.255.255.11 port swp1
ptmd[7146]: ptm_bfd.c:2471 Created new session 0x2 with peer fe80::4638:39ff:fe00:5b port swp1
ptmd[7146]: ptm_bfd.c:2471 Session 0x1 down to peer 10.255.255.11, Reason 8
ptmd[7146]: ptm_bfd.c:2471 Detect timeout on session 0x1 with peer 10.255.255.11, in state 1

Bond Negotiation

  • Working

/var/log/syslog
kernel: [85412.763193] bonding: bond0 is being created...
kernel: [85412.770014] bond0: Enslaving swp2 as a backup interface with an up link
kernel: [85412.775216] bond0: Enslaving swp1 as a backup interface with an up link
kernel: [85412.797393] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond0: link is not ready
kernel: [85412.799425] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond0: link becomes ready

Bond Negotiation

  • Failing

/var/log/syslog
kernel: [85412.763193] bonding: bond0 is being created...
kernel: [85412.770014] bond0: Enslaving swp2 as a backup interface with an up link
kernel: [85412.775216] bond0: Enslaving swp1 as a backup interface with an up link
kernel: [85412.797393] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond0: link is not ready

MLAG peerlink negotiation

  • Working

/var/log/syslog
lldpd[998]: error while receiving frame on swp50: Network is down
lldpd[998]: error while receiving frame on swp49: Network is down
kernel: [76174.262893] peerlink: Setting ad_actor_system to 44:38:39:00:00:11
kernel: [76174.264205] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device peerlink
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting (1) peer link: peerlink
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting (1) clag state: up
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting system-mac 44:38:39:ff:40:94
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting clag-role secondary

/var/log/clagd.log
clagd[14003]: Cleanup is executing.
clagd[14003]: Cannot open file "/tmp/pre-clagd.q7XiO
clagd[14003]: Cleanup is finished
clagd[14003]: Beginning execution of clagd version 1
clagd[14003]: Invoked with: /usr/sbin/clagd --daemon
clagd[14003]: Role is now secondary
clagd[14003]: HealthCheck: role via backup is second
clagd[14003]: HealthCheck: backup active
clagd[14003]: Initial config loaded
clagd[14003]: The peer switch is active.
clagd[14003]: Initial data sync from peer done.
clagd[14003]: Initial handshake done.
clagd[14003]: Initial data sync to peer done.

MLAG peerlink negotiation

  • Failing

/var/log/syslog
lldpd[998]: error while receiving frame on swp50: Network is down
lldpd[998]: error while receiving frame on swp49: Network is down
kernel: [76174.262893] peerlink: Setting ad_actor_system to 44:38:39:00:00:11
kernel: [76174.264205] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device peerlink
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting (1) peer link: peerlink
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting (1) clag state: down
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting system-mac 44:38:39:ff:40:94
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting clag-role secondary

/var/log/clagd.log
clagd[26916]: Cleanup is executing.
clagd[26916]: Cannot open file "/tmp/pre-clagd.6M527vvGX0/brbatch" for reading: No such file or directory
clagd[26916]: Cleanup is finished
clagd[26916]: Beginning execution of clagd version 1.3.0
clagd[26916]: Invoked with: /usr/sbin/clagd --daemon 169.254.1.2 peerlink.4094 44:38:39:FF:01:01 --priority 1000 --backupIp 10.0.0.2
clagd[26916]: Role is now secondary
clagd[26916]: Initial config loaded

MLAG port negotiation

  • Working

/var/log/syslog
kernel: [77419.112195] bonding: server01 is being created...
lldpd[998]: error while receiving frame on swp1: Network is down
kernel: [77419.122707] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device swp1
kernel: [77419.126408] server01: Enslaving swp1 as a backup interface with a down link
kernel: [77419.177175] server01: Setting ad_actor_system to 44:38:39:ff:40:94
kernel: [77419.190874] server01: Warning: No 802.3ad response from the link partner for any adapters in the bond
kernel: [77419.191448] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): server01: link is not ready
kernel: [77419.191452] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device server01
kernel: [77419.192060] server01: link status definitely up for interface swp1, 1000 Mbps full duplex
kernel: [77419.192065] server01: now running without any active interface!
kernel: [77421.491811] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): server01: link becomes ready
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting (1) mac 44:38:39:00:00:17 <server01, None>

/var/log/clagd.log
clagd[14003]: server01 is now dual connected.

MLAG port negotiation

  • Failing

/var/log/syslog
kernel: [79290.290999] bonding: server01 is being created...
kernel: [79290.299645] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device swp1
kernel: [79290.301790] server01: Enslaving swp1 as a backup interface with a down link
kernel: [79290.358294] server01: Setting ad_actor_system to 44:38:39:ff:40:94
kernel: [79290.373590] server01: Warning: No 802.3ad response from the link partner for any adapters in the bond
kernel: [79290.374024] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): server01: link is not ready
kernel: [79290.374028] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device server01
kernel: [79290.375033] server01: link status definitely up for interface swp1, 1000 Mbps full duplex
kernel: [79290.375037] server01: now running without any active interface!

/var/log/clagd.log
clagd[14291]: Conflict (server01): matching clag-id (1) not configured on peer
...
clagd[14291]: Conflict cleared (server01): matching clag-id (1) detected on peer 

MLAG port negotiation

  • Flapping

/var/log/syslog
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting (0) mac 00:00:00:00:00:00 <server01, None>
mstpd: one_clag_cmd: setting (1) mac 44:38:39:00:00:03 <server01, None>

/var/log/clagd.log
clagd[14291]: server01 is no longer dual connected
clagd[14291]: server01 is now dual connected.

Prescriptive Topology Manager (PTM) uses LLDP information to compare against a topology.dot file that describes the network. It has built in alerting capabilities, so it is preferable to use PTM on box rather than polling LLDP information regularly. The PTM code is available on the Cumulus Linux GitHub repository. Additional PTM, BFD, and associated logs are documented in the code.

Consider tracking peering information through PTM. For more information, refer to the Prescriptive Topology Manager documentation.

Neighbor Element

Monitoring Command/s

Interval Poll

LLDP Neighbor

cumulus@switch:~$ lldpctl -f json

300 seconds

Prescriptive Topology Manager

cumulus@switch:~$ ptmctl -j [-d]

Triggered

Layer 2 Protocols

Spanning tree is a protocol that prevents loops in a layer 2 infrastructure. In a stable state, the spanning tree protocol should stably converge. Monitoring the Topology Change Notifications (TCN) in STP helps identify when new BPDUs are received.

Interface Counter Element

Monitoring Command/s

Interval Poll

STP TCN Transitions

cumulus@switch:~$ mstpctl showbridge json
cumulus@switch:~$ mstpctl showport json

60 seconds

MLAG peer state

cumulus@switch:~$ clagctl status
cumulus@switch:~$ clagd -j
cumulus@switch:~$ cat /var/log/clagd.log

60 seconds

MLAG peer MACs

cumulus@switch:~$ clagctl dumppeermacs
cumulus@switch:~$ clagctl dumpourmacs 

300 seconds

Layer 2 Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

Spanning Tree Working

/var/log/syslog
kernel: [1653877.190724] device swp1 entered promiscuous mode
kernel: [1653877.190796] device swp2 entered promiscuous mode
mstpd: create_br: Add bridge bridge
mstpd: clag_set_sys_mac_br: set bridge mac 00:00:00:00:00:00
mstpd: create_if: Add iface swp1 as port#2 to bridge bridge
mstpd: set_if_up: Port swp1 : up
mstpd: create_if: Add iface swp2 as port#1 to bridge bridge
mstpd: set_if_up: Port swp2 : up
mstpd: set_br_up: Set bridge bridge up
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp1:0 entering blocking state(Disabled)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp2:0 entering blocking state(Disabled)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_flush_all_fids: bridge:swp1:0 Flushing forwarding database
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_flush_all_fids: bridge:swp2:0 Flushing forwarding database
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp1:0 entering learning state(Designated)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp2:0 entering learning state(Designated)
sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp1:0 entering forwarding state(Designated)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp2:0 entering forwarding state(Designated)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_flush_all_fids: bridge:swp2:0 Flushing forwarding database
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_flush_all_fids: bridge:swp1:0 Flushing forwarding database

Spanning Tree Blocking

/var/log/syslog
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp2:0 entering blocking state(Designated)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp2:0 entering learning state(Designated)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp2:0 entering forwarding state(Designated)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_flush_all_fids: bridge:swp2:0 Flushing forwarding database
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_flush_all_fids: bridge:swp2:0 Flushing forwarding database
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_set_state: bridge:swp2:0 entering blocking state(Alternate)
mstpd: MSTP_OUT_flush_all_fids: bridge:swp2:0 Flushing forwarding database

Layer 3 Protocols

When FRRouting boots up for the first time, there is a different log file for each daemon that is activated. If the log file is ever edited (for example, through vtysh or frr.conf), the integrated configuration sends all logs to the same file.

To send FRRouting logs to syslog, apply the configuration log syslog in vtysh.

BGP

When monitoring BGP, check if BGP peers are operational. There is not much value in alerting on the current operational state of the peer; monitoring the transition is more valuable, which you can do by monitoring syslog.

Monitoring the routing table provides trending on the size of the infrastructure. This is especially useful when integrated with host-based solutions (such as Routing on the Host) when the routes track with the number of applications available.

BGP Element

Monitoring Command/s

Interval Poll

BGP peer failure

cumulus@switch:~$ vtysh -c "show ip bgp summary json"
cumulus@switch:~$ net show bgp summary json

60 seconds

BGP route table

cumulus@switch:~$ vtysh -c "show ip bgp json"
cumulus@switch:~$ net show route bgp json

600 seconds

BGP Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

BGP peer down

/var/log/syslog
/var/log/frr/*.log 
bgpd[3000]: %NOTIFICATION: sent to neighbor swp1 4/0 (Hold Timer Expired) 0 bytes
bgpd[3000]: %ADJCHANGE: neighbor swp1 Down BGP Notification send

OSPF

When monitoring OSPF, check if OSPF peers are operational. There is not much value in alerting on the current operational state of the peer; monitoring the transition is more valuable, which you can do by monitoring syslog.

Monitoring the routing table provides trending on the size of the infrastructure. This is especially useful when integrated with host-based solutions (such as Routing on the Host) when the routes track with the number of applications available.

OSPF Element

Monitoring Command(s)

Interval Poll

OSPF protocol peer failure

cumulus@switch:~$ vtysh -c "show ip ospf neighbor all json"
cumulus@switch:~$ cl-ospf summary show json

60 seconds

OSPF link state database

cumulus@switch:~$ vtysh - c "show ip ospf database"

600 seconds

Route and Host Entries

Route Element

Monitoring Command(s)

Interval Poll

Host Entries

cumulus@switch:~$ cl-resource-query
cumulus@switch:~$ cl-resource-query -k

600 seconds

Route Entries

cumulus@switch:~$ cl-resource-query
cumulus@switch:~$ cl-resource-query -k

600 seconds

In Cumulus Linux 3.7.11 and later, you can run the net show system asic command, which is the NCLU command equivalent of cl-resource-query.

Routing Logs

Layer 3 Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

Routing protocol process crash

/var/log/syslog
frrouting[1824]: Starting FRRouting daemons (prio:10):. zebra. bgpd.
bgpd[1847]: BGPd 1.0.0+cl3u7 starting: vty@2605, bgp@<all>:179
zebra[1840]: client 12 says hello and bids fair to announce only bgp routes
watchfrr[1853]: watchfrr 1.0.0+cl3u7 watching [zebra bgpd], mode [phased zebra restart]
watchfrr[1853]: bgpd state -> up : connect succeeded
watchfrr[1853]: bgpd state -> down : read returned EOF
cumulus-core: Running cl-support for core files bgpd.3030.1470341944.core.core_helper
core_check.sh[4992]: Please send /var/support/cl_support__spine01_20160804_201905.tar.xz to Cumulus support
watchfrr[1853]: Forked background command [pid 6665]: /usr/sbin/service frr restart bgpd
watchfrr[1853]: watchfrr 0.99.24+cl3u2 watching [zebra bgpd ospfd], mode [phased zebra restart]
watchfrr[1853]: zebra state -> up : connect succeeded
watchfrr[1853]: bgpd state -> up : connect succeeded
watchfrr[1853]: watchfrr: Notifying Systemd we are up and running

Logging

The table below describes the various log files.

Logging Element

Monitoring Command/s

Log Location

syslog

Catch all log file. Identifies memory leaks and CPU spikes.

/var/log/syslog

switchd functionality

Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL).

/var/log/switchd.log

Routing daemons

FRRouting zebra daemon details.

/var/log/daemon.log

Routing protocol

The log file is configurable in FRRouting. When FRRouting first boots, it uses the non-integrated configuration so each routing protocol has its own log file. After booting up, FRRouting switches over to using the integrated configuration, so that all logs go to a single place.

To edit the location of the log files, use the log file <location> command. By default, FRRouting logs are not sent to syslog. Use the log syslog <level> command to send logs through rsyslog and into /var/log/syslog.

To write syslog debug messages to the log file, you must run the log syslog debug command to configure FRR with syslog severity 7 (debug); otherwise, when you issue a debug command such as, debug bgp neighbor-events, no output is sent to /var/log/frr/frr.log.
However, when you manually define a log target with the log file /var/log/frr/debug.log command, FRR automatically defaults to severity 7 (debug) logging and the output is logged to /var/log/frr/frr.log.

/var/log/frr/zebra.log
/var/log/frr/{protocol}.log
/var/log/frr/frr.log

Protocols and Services

Run the following command to confirm that the NTP process is working correctly and that the switch clock is in sync with NTP:

cumulus@switch:~$ /usr/bin/ntpq -p

Device Management

Device Access Logs

Access Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

User Authentication and Remote Login

/var/log/syslog
sshd[31830]: Accepted publickey for cumulus from 192.168.0.254 port 45582 ssh2: RSA 38:e6:3b:cc:04:ac:41:5e:c9:e3:93:9d:cc:9e:48:25
sshd[31830]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user cumulus by (uid=0)

Device Super User Command Logs

Super User Command Logs

Log Location

Log Entries

Executing commands using sudo

/var/log/syslog
sudo:  cumulus : TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/cumulus ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/tmp/script_9938.sh -v
sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root