Adding and Updating Packages
You use the Advanced Packaging Tool (apt
) to manage additional applications (in the form of packages) and to install the latest updates.
Updating, upgrading, and installing packages with apt
causes disruptions to network services:
- Upgrading a package might result in services being restarted or stopped as part of the upgrade process.
- Installing a package might disrupt core services by changing core service dependency packages. In some cases, installing new packages might also upgrade additional existing packages due to dependencies.
If services are stopped, you might need to reboot the switch for those services to restart.
Update the Package Cache
To work properly, apt
relies on a local cache listing of the available packages. You must populate the cache initially, then periodically update it with sudo -E apt-get update
:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update
Get:1 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-latest InRelease [7,624 B]
Get:2 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-security-updates-latest InRelease [7,555 B]
Get:3 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-latest-updates InRelease [7,660 B]
Get:4 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-latest/cumulus Sources [20 B]
Get:5 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-latest/upstream Sources [20 B]
Get:6 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-latest/cumulus amd64 Packages [38.4 kB]
Get:7 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4--latest/upstream amd64 Packages [445 kB]
Get:8 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-security-updates-latest/cumulus Sources [20 B]
Get:9 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-security-updates-latest/upstream Sources [11.8 kB]
Get:10 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-security-updates-latest/cumulus amd64 Packages [20 B]
Get:11 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-security-updates-latest/upstream amd64 Packages [8,941 B]
Get:12 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-updates-latest/cumulus Sources [20 B]
Get:13 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-updates-latest/upstream Sources [776 B]
Get:14 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-updates-latest/cumulus amd64 Packages [38.4 kB]
Get:15 http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-updates-latest/upstream amd64 Packages [444 kB]
Ign http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-latest/cumulus Translation-en_US
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Ign http://apt.cumulusnetworks.com CumulusLinux-4-updates-latest/upstream Translation-en
Fetched 1,011 kB in 1s (797 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Use the -E
option with sudo
whenever you run any apt-get
command. This option preserves your environment variables (such as HTTP proxies) before you install new packages or upgrade your distribution.
List Available Packages
After the cache is populated, use the apt-cache
command to search the cache and find the packages in which you are interested or to get information about an available package.
Here are examples of the search
and show
sub-commands:
cumulus@switch:~$ apt-cache search tcp
collectd-core - statistics collection and monitoring daemon (core system)
fakeroot - tool for simulating superuser privileges
iperf - Internet Protocol bandwidth measuring tool
iptraf-ng - Next Generation Interactive Colorful IP LAN Monitor
libfakeroot - tool for simulating superuser privileges - shared libraries
libfstrm0 - Frame Streams (fstrm) library
libibverbs1 - Library for direct userspace use of RDMA (InfiniBand/iWARP)
libnginx-mod-stream - Stream module for Nginx
libqt4-network - Qt 4 network module
librtr-dev - Small extensible RPKI-RTR-Client C library - development files
librtr0 - Small extensible RPKI-RTR-Client C library
libwiretap8 - network packet capture library -- shared library
libwrap0 - Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library
libwrap0-dev - Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library, development files
netbase - Basic TCP/IP networking system
nmap-common - Architecture independent files for nmap
nuttcp - network performance measurement tool
openssh-client - secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
openssh-server - secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines
openssh-sftp-server - secure shell (SSH) sftp server module, for SFTP access from remote machines
python-dpkt - Python 2 packet creation / parsing module for basic TCP/IP protocols
rsyslog - reliable system and kernel logging daemon
socat - multipurpose relay for bidirectional data transfer
tcpdump - command-line network traffic analyzer
cumulus@switch:~$ apt-cache show tcpdump
Package: tcpdump
Version: 4.9.3-1~deb10u1
Installed-Size: 1109
Maintainer: Romain Francoise <rfrancoise@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Replaces: apparmor-profiles-extra (<< 1.12~)
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libpcap0.8 (>= 1.5.1), libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0)
Suggests: apparmor (>= 2.3)
Breaks: apparmor-profiles-extra (<< 1.12~)
Size: 400060
SHA256: 3a63be16f96004bdf8848056f2621fbd863fadc0baf44bdcbc5d75dd98331fd3
SHA1: 2ab9f0d2673f49da466f5164ecec8836350aed42
MD5sum: 603baaf914de63f62a9f8055709257f3
Description: command-line network traffic analyzer
This program allows you to dump the traffic on a network. tcpdump
is able to examine IPv4, ICMPv4, IPv6, ICMPv6, UDP, TCP, SNMP, AFS
BGP, RIP, PIM, DVMRP, IGMP, SMB, OSPF, NFS and many other packet
types.
.
It can be used to print out the headers of packets on a network
interface, filter packets that match a certain expression. You can
use this tool to track down network problems, to detect attacks
or to monitor network activities.
Description-md5: f01841bfda357d116d7ff7b7a47e8782
Homepage: http://www.tcpdump.org/
Multi-Arch: foreign
Section: net
Priority: optional
Filename: pool/upstream/t/tcpdump/tcpdump_4.9.3-1~deb10u1_amd64.deb
The search commands look for the search terms not only in the package name but in other parts of the package information; the search matches on more packages than you might expect.
List Packages Installed on the System
apt-cache
command shows information about all the packages available in the repository. To see which packages are actually installed on your system with their versions, run the following commands.
Run the net show package version
command:
cumulus@switch:~$ net show package version
Package Installed Version(s)
--------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
acpi 1.7-1.1
acpi-support-base 0.142-8
acpid 1:2.0.31-1
adduser 3.118
apt 1.8.2
arping 2.19-6
arptables 0.0.4+snapshot20181021-4
...
Run the dpkg -l
command:
cumulus@switch:~$ dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-===================-=========================-============-=================================
ii acpi 1.7-1.1 amd64 displays information on ACPI devices
ii acpi-support-base 0.142-8 all scripts for handling base ACPI events such as th
ii acpid 1:2.0.31-1 amd64 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event
ii adduser 3.118 all add and remove users and groups
ii apt 1.8.2 amd64 commandline package manager
ii arping 2.19-6 amd64 sends IP and/or ARP pings (to the MAC address)
ii arptables 0.0.4+snapshot20181021-4 amd64 ARP table administration
...
The apps repository was removed in Cumulus Linux 4.0.0.
Show the Version of a Package
To show the version of a specific package installed on the system:
Run the net show package version <package>
command. For example, the following command shows which version of the vrf
package is installed on the system:
cumulus@switch:~$ net show package version vrf
1.0-cl4u2
Run the Linux dpkg -l <package_name>
command. For example, the following command shows which version of the vrf
package is installed on the system:
cumulus@switch:~$ dpkg -l vrf
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==========-============-============-=================================
ii vrf 1.0-cl4u2 amd64 Linux tools for VRF
Upgrade Packages
To upgrade all the packages installed on the system to their latest versions, run the following commands:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
A list of packages that will be upgraded is displayed and you are prompted to continue.
The above commands upgrade all installed versions with their latest versions but do not install any new packages.
Add New Packages
To add a new package, first ensure the package is not already installed on the system:
cumulus@switch:~$ dpkg -l | grep <name of package>
- If the package is installed already, you can update the package from the Cumulus Linux repository as part of the package upgrade process, which upgrades all packages on the system. See Upgrade Packages above.
- If the package is not already installed, add it by running
sudo -E apt-get install <name of package>
. This retrieves the package from the Cumulus Linux repository and installs it on your system together with any other packages on which this package might depend. The following example adds thetcpreplay
package to the system:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get install tcpreplay
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
tcpreplay
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 436 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1008 kB of additional disk space will be used
...
You can install several packages at the same time:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get install <package 1> <package 2> <package 3>
In some cases, installing a new package might also upgrade additional existing packages due to dependencies. To view these additional packages before you install, run the apt-get install --dry-run
command.
Add Packages from Another Repository
As shipped, Cumulus Linux searches the Cumulus Linux repository for available packages. You can add additional repositories to search by adding them to the list of sources that apt-get
consults. See man sources.list
for more information.
NVIDIA has added features or made bug fixes to certain packages; you must not replace these packages with versions from other repositories. Cumulus Linux is configured to ensure that the packages from the Cumulus Linux repository are always preferred over packages from other repositories.
If you want to install packages that are not in the Cumulus Linux repository, the procedure is the same as above, but with one additional step.
Packages that are not part of the Cumulus Linux Repository are not typically tested and might not be supported by Cumulus Linux Technical Support.
Installing packages outside of the Cumulus Linux repository requires the use of sudo -E apt-get
; however, depending on the package, you can use easy-install
and other commands.
To install a new package, complete the following steps:
Run the
dpkg
command to ensure that the package is not already installed on the system:cumulus@switch:~$ dpkg -l | grep <name of package>
If the package is installed already, ensure it is the version you need. If it is an older version, update the package from the Cumulus Linux repository:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get install <name of package> cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
If the package is not on the system, the package source location is most likely not in the
/etc/apt/sources.list
file. If the source for the new package is not insources.list
, edit and add the appropriate source to the file. For example, add the following if you want a package from the Debian repository that is not in the Cumulus Linux repository:deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian buster main deb http://security.debian.org/ buster/updates main
Otherwise, the repository might be listed in
/etc/apt/sources.list
but is commented out. To uncomment the repository, remove the#
at the start of the line, then save the file.Run
sudo -E apt-get update
, then install the package and upgrade:cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get install <name of package> cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
Add Packages from the Cumulus Linux Local Archive
Cumulus Linux contains a local archive embedded in the Cumulus Linux disk image. This archive contains the packages needed to install ifplugd
, LDAP, RADIUS or TACACS+ without needing a network connection.
The archive is called cumulus-local-apt-archive
and is referenced in the /etc/apt/cumulus-local-apt-archive-sources.list
file. It contains the following packages:
- audisp-tacplus
- ifplugd
- libdaemon0
- libnss-ldapd
- libnss-mapuser
- libnss-tacplus
- libpam-ldapd
- libpam-radius-auth
- libpam-tacplus
- libtac2
- libtacplus-map1
- nslcd
You add these packages normally with apt-get update && apt-get install
, as described above.
Related Information
- Debian GNU/Linux FAQ, Ch 8 Package management tools
- man pages for
apt-get
,dpkg
,sources.list
,apt_preferences
Caveats and Errata
At this time, you cannot directly browse the contents of the apt.cumulusnetworks.com repository using HTTP.