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Network Time Protocol - NTP

The ntpd daemon running on the switch implements the NTP protocol. It synchronizes the system time with time servers in the /etc/ntp.conf file. The ntpd daemon starts at boot by default.

If you intend to run this service within a VRF, including the management VRF, follow these steps to configure the service.

Configure NTP Servers

The default NTP configuration includes the following servers, which are in the /etc/ntp.conf file:

  • server 0.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
  • server 1.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
  • server 2.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
  • server 3.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst

To add the NTP servers you want to use, run the following commands. Include the iburst option to increase the sync speed.

cumulus@switch:~$ net add time ntp server 4.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

These commands add the NTP server to the list of servers in the /etc/ntp.conf file:

# pool.ntp.org maps to about 1000 low-stratum NTP servers.  Your server will
# pick a different set every time it starts up.  Please consider joining the
# pool: <http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html>
server 0.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 4.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst

The NVUE command requires a VRF. The following command adds the NTP servers in the default VRF.

cumulus@switch:~$ nv set service ntp default server 4.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst on
cumulus@switch:~$ nv config apply

Edit the /etc/ntp.conf file to add or update NTP server information:

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo nano /etc/ntp.conf
# pool.ntp.org maps to about 1000 low-stratum NTP servers.  Your server will
# pick a different set every time it starts up.  Please consider joining the
# pool: <http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html>
server 0.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 4.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst

To set the initial date and time with NTP before starting the ntpd daemon, run the ntpd -q command. Be aware that ntpd -q can hang if the time servers are not reachable.

To verify that ntpd is running on the system:

cumulus@switch:~$ ps -ef | grep ntp
ntp       4074     1  0 Jun20 ?        00:00:33 /usr/sbin/ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g -u 101:102

To check the NTP peer status:

cumulus@switch:~$ net show time ntp servers
      remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
+minime.fdf.net  58.180.158.150   3 u  140 1024  377   55.659    0.339   1.464
+69.195.159.158  128.138.140.44   2 u  259 1024  377   41.587    1.011   1.677
*chl.la          216.218.192.202  2 u  210 1024  377    4.008    1.277   1.628
+vps3.drown.org  17.253.2.125     2 u  743 1024  377   39.319   -0.316   1.384
cumulus@switch:~$ nv show service ntp default server
cumulus@switch:~$ ntpq -p
      remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
+ec2-34-225-6-20 129.6.15.30      2 u   73 1024  377   70.414   -2.414   4.110
+lax1.m-d.net    132.163.96.1     2 u   69 1024  377   11.676    0.155   2.736
*69.195.159.158  199.102.46.72    2 u  133 1024  377   48.047   -0.457   1.856
-2.time.dbsinet. 198.60.22.240    2 u 1057 1024  377   63.973    2.182   2.692

The following example commands remove some of the default NTP servers:

cumulus@switch:~$ net del time ntp server 0.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ net del time ntp server 1.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ net del time ntp server 2.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ net del time ntp server 3.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
cumulus@switch:~$ nv unset service ntp default server 0.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ nv unset service ntp default server 1.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ nv unset service ntp default server 2.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ nv unset service ntp default server 3.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org
cumulus@switch:~$ nv config apply

Edit the /etc/ntp.conf file to delete NTP servers.

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo nano /etc/ntp.conf
...
# pool.ntp.org maps to about 1000 low-stratum NTP servers.  Your server will
# pick a different set every time it starts up.  Please consider joining the
# pool: <http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html>
server 4.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
...

Specify the NTP Source Interface

By default, the source interface that NTP uses is eth0. The following example command configures the NTP source interface to be swp10.

cumulus@switch:~$ net add time ntp source swp10
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

These commands create the following configuration snippet in the ntp.conf file:

...
# Specify interfaces
interface listen swp10
...
cumulus@switch:~$ nv set service ntp default listen swp10
cumulus@switch:~$ nv config apply

Edit the /etc/ntp.conf file and modify the entry under the Specify interfaces comment.

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo nano /etc/ntp.conf
...
# Specify interfaces
interface listen swp10
...

Use NTP in a DHCP Environment

You can use DHCP to specify your NTP servers. Ensure that the DHCP-generated configuration file /run/ntp.conf.dhcp exists. This file is generated by the /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/ntp script and is a copy of the default /etc/ntp.conf file with a modified server list from the DHCP server. If this file does not exist and you plan on using DHCP in the future, you can copy your current /etc/ntp.conf file to the location of the DHCP file.

To use DHCP to specify your NTP servers, run the sudo -E systemctl edit ntp.service command and add the ExecStart= line:

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E systemctl edit ntp.service
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/ntpd -n -u ntp:ntp -g -c /run/ntp.conf.dhcp

The sudo -E systemctl edit ntp.service command always updates the base ntp.service even if ntp@mgmt.service is used. The ntp@mgmt.service is re-generated automatically.

To validate that your configuration, run these commands:

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo systemctl restart ntp
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo systemctl status -n0 ntp.service

If the state is not Active, or the alternate configuration file does not appear in the ntp command line, it is likely that you made a configuration mistake. Correct the mistake and rerun the commands above to verify.

Configure NTP with Authorization Keys

For added security, you can configure NTP to use authorization keys.

Configure the NTP Server

  1. Create a .keys file, such as /etc/ntp.keys. Specify a key identifier (a number from 1-65535), an encryption method (M for MD5), and the password. The following provides an example:

    #
    # PLEASE DO NOT USE THE DEFAULT VALUES HERE.
    #
    #65535  M  akey
    #1      M  pass
    
    1  M  CumulusLinux!
    
  2. In the /etc/ntp.conf file, add a pointer to the /etc/ntp.keys file you created above and specify the key identifier. For example:

    keys /etc/ntp/ntp.keys
    trustedkey 1
    controlkey 1
    requestkey 1
    
  3. Restart NTP with the sudo systemctl restart ntp command.

Configure the NTP Client

The NTP client is the Cumulus Linux switch.

  1. Create the same .keys file you created on the NTP server (/etc/ntp.keys). For example:

    cumulus@switch:~$  sudo nano /etc/ntp.keys
    #
    # DO NOT USE THE DEFAULT VALUES HERE.
    #
    #65535  M  akey
    #1      M  pass
    
    1  M  CumulusLinux!
    
  2. Edit the /etc/ntp.conf file to specify the server you want to use, the key identifier, and a pointer to the /etc/ntp.keys file you created in step 1. For example:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo nano /etc/ntp.conf
    ...
    # You do need to talk to an NTP server or two (or three).
    #pool ntp.your-provider.example
    # OR
    #server ntp.your-provider.example
    
    # pool.ntp.org maps to about 1000 low-stratum NTP servers.  Your server will
    # pick a different set every time it starts up.  Please consider joining the
    # pool: <http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html>
    #server 0.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
    #server 1.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
    #server 2.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
    #server 3.cumulusnetworks.pool.ntp.org iburst
    server 10.50.23.121 key 1
    
    #keys
    keys /etc/ntp.keys
    trustedkey 1
    controlkey 1
    requestkey 1
    ...
    
  3. Restart NTP in the active VRF (default or management). For example:

    cumulus@switch:~$ systemctl restart ntp@mgmt.service
    
  4. Wait a few minutes, then run the ntpq -c as command to verify the configuration:

    cumulus@switch:~$ ntpq -c as
    
    ind assid status  conf reach auth condition  last_event cnt
    ===========================================================
      1 40828  f014   yes   yes   ok     reject   reachable  1
    

    After authorization is accepted, you see the following command output:

    cumulus@switch:~$ ntpq -c as
    
    ind assid status  conf reach auth condition  last_event cnt
    ===========================================================
      1 40828  f61a   yes   yes   ok   sys.peer    sys_peer  1
    

Considerations

NTP in Cumulus Linux uses the /usr/share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list file, which expires periodically and results in generated log messages about the expiration. When the file expires, update it from https://www.ietf.org/timezones/data/leap-seconds.list or upgrade the tzdata package to the newest version.