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Quality of Service

This section refers to frames for all internal QoS functionality. Unless explicitly stated, the actions are independent of layer 2 frames or layer 3 packets.

Cumulus Linux supports several different QoS features and standards including:

  • COS and DSCP marking and remarking
  • Shaping and policing
  • Egress traffic scheduling (802.1Qaz, Enhanced Transmission Selection)
  • Flow control with IEEE Pause Frames and PFC, and congestion control with ECN
  • Lossless and lossy RoCE

Cumulus Linux uses two configuration files for QoS:

  • /etc/cumulus/datapath/qos/qos_features.conf includes all standard QoS configuration, such as marking, shaping and flow control.
  • /etc/mlx/datapath/qos/qos_infra.conf includes all platform specific configurations, such as buffer allocations and Alpha values.

Cumulus Linux 5.0 does not use the traffic.conf and datapath.conf files but uses the qos_features.conf and qos_infra.conf files instead. Review your existing QoS configuration to determine the changes you need to make.

switchd and QoS

You apply QoS changes to the ASIC with the following command:

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo systemctl reload switchd.service

Unlike the restart command, the reload switchd.service command does not impact traffic forwarding except when the following conditions occur:

These conditions require modifications to the ASIC buffer which might result in momentary packet loss.

When you run the reload switchd.service command, Cumulus Linux always runs the Syntax Checker before applying changes.

Classification

When a frame or packet arrives on the switch, Cumulus Linux maps it to an internal COS value. This value never writes to the frame or packet but classifies and schedules traffic internally through the switch.

You can define which values are trusted in the qos_features.conf file by configuring the traffic.packet_priority_source_set setting.

The traffic.port_default_priority setting accepts a value between 0 and 7 and defines the internal COS marking to use with the port value.

If traffic.packet_priority_source_set is cos or dscp, you can map the ingress values to an internal COS value.

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

The following table describes the default classifications for various frame and packet_priority_source_set configurations:

packet_priority_source_set settingVLAN Tagged?IP or Non-IPResult
802.1pYesIPAccept incoming 802.1p COS marking.
802.1pYesNon-IPAccept incoming 802.1p COS marking.
802.1pNoIPUse the port_default_priority setting.
802.1pNoNon-IPUse the port_default_priority setting.
dscpYesIPAccept incoming DSCP IP header marking.
dscpYesNon-IPUse the port_default_priority setting.
dscpNoIPAccept incoming DSCP IP header marking.
dscpNoNon-IPUse the port_default_priority setting.
802.1p, dscpYesIPAccept incoming DSCP IP header marking.
802.1p, dscpYesNon-IPAccept incoming 802.1p COS marking.
802.1p, dscpNoIPAccept incoming DSCP IP header marking.
802.1p, dscpNoNon-IPUse the port_default_priority setting.
portEitherEitherIgnore any existing markings and use port_default_priority setting.

Trust COS

To trust ingress COS markings, set traffic.packet_priority_source_set = [802.1p].

When COS is trusted, the following lines classify ingress COS values to internal COS values:

traffic.cos_0.priority_source.8021p = [0]
traffic.cos_1.priority_source.8021p = [1]
traffic.cos_2.priority_source.8021p = [2]
traffic.cos_3.priority_source.8021p = [3]
traffic.cos_4.priority_source.8021p = [4]
traffic.cos_5.priority_source.8021p = [5]
traffic.cos_6.priority_source.8021p = [6]
traffic.cos_7.priority_source.8021p = [7]

The traffic.cos_ number is the internal COS value; for example traffic.cos_0 defines the mapping for internal COS 0.
To map ingress COS 0 to internal COS 4, configure the traffic.cos_4.priority_source.8021p setting.

You can map multiple ingress COS values to the same internal value. For example, to map ingress COS values 0, 1, and 2 to internal COS 0:

traffic.cos_0.priority_source.8021p = [0, 1, 2]

You can also choose not to use an internal COS value. This example does not use internal COS values 3 and 4.

traffic.cos_0.priority_source.8021p = [0]
traffic.cos_1.priority_source.8021p = [1]
traffic.cos_2.priority_source.8021p = [2,3,4]
traffic.cos_3.priority_source.8021p = []
traffic.cos_4.priority_source.8021p = []
traffic.cos_5.priority_source.8021p = [5]
traffic.cos_6.priority_source.8021p = [6]
traffic.cos_7.priority_source.8021p = [7]

You can configure additional settings using Port Groups.

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Trust DSCP

To trust ingress DSCP markings, configure traffic.packet_priority_source_set = [dscp].

If DSCP is trusted, the following lines classify ingress DSCP values to internal COS values:

traffic.cos_0.priority_source.dscp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
traffic.cos_1.priority_source.dscp = [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
traffic.cos_2.priority_source.dscp = [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]
traffic.cos_3.priority_source.dscp = [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]
traffic.cos_4.priority_source.dscp = [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]
traffic.cos_5.priority_source.dscp = [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]
traffic.cos_6.priority_source.dscp = [48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]
traffic.cos_7.priority_source.dscp = [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

The # in the configuration file is a comment. By default, the file comments out the traffic.cos_*.priority_source.dscp lines.
You must uncomment them for them to take effect.

The traffic.cos_ number is the internal COS value; for example traffic.cos_0 defines the mapping for internal COS 0. To map ingress DSCP 22 to internal COS 4, configure the traffic.cos_4.priority_source.dscp setting.

You can map multiple ingress DSCP values to the same internal COS value. For example, to map ingress DSCP values 10, 21, and 36 to internal COS 0:

traffic.cos_0.priority_source.dscp = [10,21,36]

You can also choose not to use an internal COS value. This example does not use internal COS values 3 and 4:

traffic.cos_0.priority_source.dscp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
traffic.cos_1.priority_source.dscp = [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
traffic.cos_2.priority_source.dscp = [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]
traffic.cos_3.priority_source.dscp = []
traffic.cos_4.priority_source.dscp = []
traffic.cos_5.priority_source.dscp = [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]
traffic.cos_6.priority_source.dscp = [48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]
traffic.cos_7.priority_source.dscp = [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

You can configure additional settings using Port Groups.

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Trust Port

To assign all traffic to an internal COS queue regardless of the ingress marking, configure traffic.packet_priority_source_set = [port].

The traffic.port_default_priority setting defines the COS value that all traffic uses. You can configure additional settings using Port Groups.

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Mark and Remark Traffic

You can mark or remark traffic in two ways:

  • Use iptables to match packets and set COS or DSCP values.
  • Use ingress COS or DSCP to remark an existing COS or DSCP value to a new value.

iptables

Cumulus Linux supports ACLs through ebtables, iptables or ip6tables for egress packet marking and remarking.

Cumulus Linux uses ebtables to mark layer 2, 802.1p COS values. Cumulus Linux uses iptables to match IPv4 traffic and ip6tables to match IPv6 traffic for DSCP marking.

For more information on configuring and applying ACLs, refer to Netfilter - ACLs.

Mark Layer 2 COS

You must use ebtables to match and mark layer 2 bridged traffic. You can match traffic with any supported ebtables rule.

To set the new COS value when traffic matches, use -A FORWARD -o <interface> -j setqos --set-cos <value>.

You can only set COS on a per-egress interface basis. Cumulus Linux does not support ebtables based matching on ingress.

The configured action always has the following conditions:

  • The rule is always part of the FORWARD chain.
  • The interface (<interface>) is a physical swp port.
  • The jump action is always setqos (lowercase).
  • The --set-cos value is a COS value between 0 and 7.

For example, to set traffic leaving interface swp5 to COS value 4:

-A FORWARD -o swp5 -j setqos --set-cos 4

Mark Layer 3 DSCP

You must use iptables (for IPv4 traffic) or ip6tables (for IPv6 traffic) to match and mark layer 3 traffic.

You can match traffic with any supported iptable or ip6tables rule. To set the new COS or DSCP value when traffic is matches, use -A FORWARD -o <interface> -j SETQOS [--set-dscp <value> | --set-cos <value> | --set-dscp-class <name>].

The configured action always has the following conditions:

  • The rule is always configured as part of the FORWARD chain.
  • The interface (<interface>) is a physical swp port.
  • The jump action is always SETQOS (uppercase).

You can configure COS markings with --set-cos and a value between 0 and 7 (inclusive).

You can use only one of --set-dscp or --set-dscp-class.
--set-dscp supports decimal or hex DSCP values between 0 and 77. --set-dscp-class supports standard DSCP naming, described in RFC3260, including ef, be, CS and AF classes.

You can specify either --set-dscp or --set-dscp-class, but not both.

For example, to set traffic leaving interface swp5 to DSCP value 32:

-A FORWARD -o swp5 -j SETQOS --set-dscp 32

To set traffic leaving interface swp11 to DSCP class value CS6:

-A FORWARD -o swp11 -j SETQOS --set-dscp-class cs6

Ingress COS or DSCP for Marking

To remark COS or DSCP values, modify the traffic.packet_priority_remark_set value in the qos_features.conf file.

This configuration allows an internal COS value to determine the egress COS or DSCP value. For example, to enable the remarking of only DSCP values:

traffic.packet_priority_remark_set = [dscp]

You can remark both COS and DSCP with traffic.packet_priority_remark_set = [cos,dscp].

Remark COS

You remark COS with the priority_remark.8021p setting in the qos_features.conf file. The internal cos_ value determines the egress 802.1p COS remarking. For example, to remark internal COS 0 to egress COS 4:

traffic.cos_0.priority_remark.8021p = [4]

The # in the configuration file is a comment. The file comments out the traffic.cos_*.priority_remark.8021p lines by default.
You must uncomment them to set the configuration.

You can remap multiple internal COS values to the same external COS value. For example, to map internal COS 1 and internal COS 2 to external COS 3:

traffic.cos_1.priority_remark.8021p = [3]
traffic.cos_2.priority_remark.8021p = [3]

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Remark DSCP

You remark DSCP with the priority_remark.dscp component of the qos_features.conf file. The internal cos_ value determines the egress DSCP remark. For example, to remark internal COS 0 to egress DSCP 22:

traffic.cos_0.priority_remark.dscp = [22]

The # in the configuration file is a comment. The file comments out the traffic.cos_*.priority_remark.dscp lines by default.
You must uncomment them to set the configuration.

You can remap multiple internal COS values to the same external DSCP value. For example, to map internal COS 1 and internal COS 2 to external DSCP 40:

traffic.cos_1.priority_remark.dscp = [40]
traffic.cos_2.priority_remark.dscp = [40]

You can configure additional settings using Port Groups.

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Flow Control

Flow control influences data transmission to manage congestion along a network path.

Cumulus Linux supports the following flow control mechanisms:

  • Pause Frames (IEEE 802.3x), sends specialized ethernet frames to an adjacent layer 2 switch to stop or pause all traffic on the link during times of congestion. Pause frames are generally not recommended due to their scope of impact.
  • Priority Flow Control (PFC), which is an upgrade of Pause Frames that IEEE 802.1bb defines, extends the pause frame concept to act on a per-COS value basis instead of an entire link. A PFC pause frame indicates to the peer which specific COS value to pause, while other COS values or queues continue transmitting.

Flow Control Buffers

Before configuring pause frames or PFC, set buffer pools and limits for lossless flows.

Edit the following lines in the /etc/mlx/datapath/qos/qos_infra.conf file:

  1. Modify the existing ingress_service_pool.0.percent and egress_service_pool.0.percent buffer allocation. Change the existing ingress setting to ingress_service_pool.0.percent = 50. Change the existing egress setting to egress_service_pool.0.percent = 50.

  2. Add the following lines to create a new service_pool, set flow_control to the service pool, and define buffer reservations:

ingress_service_pool.1.percent = 50.0
ingress_service_pool.1.mode = 1
egress_service_pool.1.percent = 50.0
egress_service_pool.1.mode = 1
egress_service_pool.1.infinite_flag = TRUE
#
flow_control.ingress_service_pool = 1
flow_control.egress_service_pool = 1
#
port.service_pool.1.ingress_buffer.reserved = 0
port.service_pool.1.ingress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1
port.service_pool.1.egress_buffer.uc.reserved = 0
port.service_pool.1.egress_buffer.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_INFINITY
#
flow_control.ingress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1
flow_control.egress_buffer.reserved = 0
flow_control.egress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_INFINITY

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Pause Frames

Pause frames are an older flow control mechanism that causes all traffic on a link between two devices (two switches or a host and switch) to stop transmitting during times of congestion. Pause frames start and stop depending on how congested the buffer is. The value that determines when pause frames start is the xoff value (transmit off). When the buffer congestion reaches the xoff point, the switch sends a pause frame to one or more neighbors. When congestion drops below the xon point (transmit on), the switch sends an updated pause frame so that the neighbor resumes sending traffic.

Use Priority Flow Control (PFC) instead of pause frames.

Before configuring pause frames, you must first modify the switch buffer allocation. Refer to Flow Control Buffers.

You configure pause frames on a per-direction, per-interface basis under the link_pause section of the qos_features.conf file.
Setting link_pause.pause_port_group.rx_enable = true receives pause frames to stop the switch from transmitting when requested. Setting link_pause.pause_port_group.tx_enable = true sends pause frames to request neighboring devices to stop transmitting. You can use pause frames for either receive (rx), transmit (tx), or both.

Cumulus Linux automatically enables or derives the following settings when link pause is on an interface with link_pause.port_group_list:

  • link_pause.pause_port_group.rx_enable
  • link_pause.pause_port_group.tx_enable
  • link_pause.pause_port_group.port_buffer_bytes
  • link_pause.pause_port_group.xoff_size
  • link_pause.pause_port_group.xon_delta

To process pause frames, you must enable link pause on the specific interfaces.

The following is an example link_pause configuration.

link_pause.port_group_list = [my_pause_ports]
link_pause.my_pause_ports.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6

Pause frame buffer calculation is a complex topic that IEEE 802.1Q-2012 defines. This attempts to incorporate the delay between signaling congestion and the reception of the signal by the neighboring device. This calculation includes the delay that the PHY and MAC layers (interface delay) introduce as well as the distance between end points (cable length).

Incorrect cable length settings can cause wasted buffer space (triggering congestion too early) or packet drops (congestion occurs before flow control activates).

Unless NVIDIA support or engineering asks you to, do not change these values.

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

All Link Pause configuration options
ConfigurationExampleDescription
link_pause.port_group_listlink_pause.port_group_list = [my_pause_ports]Creates a port group to use with pause frame settings. In this example, the group is my_pause_ports.
link_pause.my_pause_ports.port_setlink_pause.my_pause_ports.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6Define the set of interfaces to apply pause frame configuration. In this example, ports swp1, swp2, swp3, swp4 and swp6 have pause frame on.
link_pause.my_pause_ports.port_buffer_byteslink_pause.my_pause_ports.port_buffer_bytes = 25000The amount of reserved buffer space for the set of ports in the port group list (reserved from the global shared buffer).
link_pause.my_pause_ports.xoff_sizelink_pause.my_pause_ports.xoff_size = 10000Set the amount of reserved buffer to consume before thew switch sends a pause frame out of the set of interfaces in the port group list when transmitting pause frames is on. In this example, after you consume 10000 bytes of reserved buffer, the switch sends pause frames.
link_pause.my_pause_ports.xon_deltalink_pause.my_pause_ports.xon_delta = 2000The number of bytes below the xoff threshold that the buffer consumption must drop below before sending pause frame stops, if transmitting pause frames is on. In this example, the buffer congestion must reduce by 2000 bytes (to 8000 bytes) before pause frame stops.
link_pause.my_pause_ports.rx_enablelink_pause.my_pause_ports.tx_enable = trueEnable (true) or disable (false) sending pause frames. The default value is true. In this example, sending pause frames is on.
link_pause.my_pause_ports.tx_enablelink_pause.my_pause_ports.rx_enable = trueEnable (true) or disable (false) the switch to receive pause frames. The default value is true. In this example, the receiving pause frames is on.
link_pause.my_pause_ports.cable_lengthlink_pause.pause_port_group.cable_length = 5The length, in meters, of the cable that attaches to the port in the port group list. Cumulus Linux uses this value internally to determine the latency between generating a pause frame and receiving the pause frame. The default is 100 meters. In this example, the attached cable is 5 meters.

Priority Flow Control (PFC)

Priority flow control extends the capabilities of pause frames by the frames for a specific COS value instead of stopping all traffic on a link. If a switch supports PFC and receives a PFC pause frame for a given COS value, the switch stops transmitting frames from that queue, but continues transmitting frames for other queues.

PFC is typically used with RDMA over Converged Ethernet - RoCE. The RoCE section provides information to specifically deploy PFC and ECN for RoCE environments.

Before configuring PFC, first modify the switch buffer allocation according to Flow Control Buffers.

You configure PFC pause frames on a per-direction, per-interface basis under the pfc section of the qos_features.conf file.
Setting pfc.pfc_port_group.rx_enable = true supports the reception of PFC pause frames causing the switch to stop transmitting when requested.

Setting pfc.pfc_port_group.tx_enable = true supports the sending of PFC pause frames for the defined COS values, causing the switch to request neighboring devices to stop transmitting.

Cumulus Linux supports PFC pause frames for either receive (rx), transmit (tx), or both.

Cumulus Linux automatically enables or derives the following settings when PFC is on an interface with pfc.port_group_list:

  • pfc.pause_port_group.rx_enable
  • pfc.pause_port_group.tx_enable
  • pfc.pause_port_group.port_buffer_bytes
  • pfc.pause_port_group.xoff_size
  • pfc.pause_port_group.xon_delta

The following is an example pfc configuration.

pfc.port_group_list = [my_pfc_ports]
pfc.my_pfc_ports.cos_list = [3,5]
pfc.my_pfc_ports.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6

PFC buffer calculation is a complex topic defined in IEEE 802.1Q-2012. This attempts to incorporate the delay between signaling congestion and receiving the signal by the neighboring device. This calculation includes the delay that the PHY and MAC layers (called the interface delay) introduce as well as the distance between end points (cable length).
Incorrect cable length settings cause wasted buffer space (triggering congestion too early) or packet drops (congestion occurs before flow control activates).

Unless directed by NVIDIA support or engineering, do not change these values.

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

All PFC configuration options
ConfigurationExampleExplanation
pfc.port_group_listpfc.port_group_list = [my_pfc_ports]Creates a port group to use with PFC pause frame settings. In this example, the group is my_pfc_ports.
pfc.my_pfc_ports.cos_listpfc.my_pfc_ports.cos_list = [3,5]Define the COS values that support sending PFC pause frames, if sending PFC pause frames is on. This example enables COS values 3 and 5 to send PFC pause frames.
pfc.my_pfc_ports.port_setpfc.my_pfc_ports.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6Define the set of interfaces to which you want to apply PFC pause frame configuration. In this example, ports swp1, swp2, swp3, swp4 and swp6 have pause frame configurations on.
pfc.my_pfc_ports.port_buffer_bytespfc.my_pfc_ports.port_buffer_bytes = 25000The amount of reserved buffer space for the set of ports defined in the port group list (reserved from the global shared buffer).
pfc.my_pfc_ports.xoff_sizepfc.my_pfc_ports.xoff_size = 10000Set the amount of reserved buffer that the switch must consume before sending a PFC pause frame out the set of interfaces in the port group list, if sending pause frames is on. This example sends PFC pause frames after consuming 10000 bytes of reserved buffer.
pfc.my_pfc_ports.xon_deltapfc.my_pfc_ports.xon_delta = 2000The number of bytes below the xoff threshold that the buffer consumption must drop below before sending PFC pause frames stops, if sending pause frames is on. This example the buffer congestion must reduce by 2000 bytes (to 8000 bytes) before PFC pause frames stop.
pfc.my_pfc_ports.rx_enablepfc.my_pfc_ports.tx_enable = trueEnable (true) or disable (false) sending PFC pause frames. The default value is true. This example enables sending PFC pause frames.
pfc.my_pfc_ports.tx_enablepfc.my_pfc_ports.rx_enable = trueEnable (true) or disable (false) receiving PFC pause frames. You do not need to define the COS values for rx_enable. The switch receives any COS value. The default value is true. This example enables receiving PFC pause frames.
pfc.my_pfc_ports.cable_lengthpfc.my_pfc_ports.cable_length = 5The length, in meters, of the cable that attaches to the port in the port group list. Cumulus Linux uses this value internally to determine the latency between generating a PFC pause frame and receiving the PFC pause frame. The default is 10 meters. In this example, the cable is 5 meters.

Congestion Control

Cumulus Linux supports the following congestion control mechanisms:

  • Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN). Unlike Pause Frames and PFC that operate only at layer 2, ECN is an end-to-end layer 3 congestion control protocol. Defined by RFC 3168, ECN relies on bits in the IPv4 header Traffic Class to signal congestion conditions. ECN requires one or both server endpoints to support ECN to be effective.
  • Random Early Detection (RED), where the switch drops packets that are in the queue randomly instead of always dropping the last arriving packet.

Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)

Unlike pause frames or PFC, ECN is an end-to-end flow control technology. Instead of telling adjacent devices to stop transmitting during times of buffer congestion, ECN sets the ECN bits of the transit IPv4 or IPv6 header to indicate to end-hosts that congestion might occur. As a result, the sending hosts reduce their sending rate until the transit switch no longer setss ECN bits.

You use ECN with RDMA over Converged Ethernet - RoCE. The RoCE section describes how to deploy PFC and ECN for RoCE environments.

ECN operates by having a transit switch mark packets between two end-hosts.

  1. Transmitting host indicates it is ECN-capable by setting the ECN bits in the outgoing IP header to 01 or 10
  2. If the buffer of a transit switch is greater than the configured min_threshold_bytes, the switch remarks the ECN bits to 11 indicating Congestion Encountered or CE.
  3. The receiving host marks any reply packets, like a TCP-ACK, as CE (11).
  4. The original transmitting host reduces its transmission rate.
  5. When the switch buffer congestion falls below the configured min_threshold_bytes, the switch stops remarking ECN bits, setting them back to 01 or 10.
  6. A receiving host reflects this new ECN marking in the next reply so that the transmitting host resumes sending at normal speeds.

This is the default ECN configuration:

default_ecn_red_conf.egress_queue_list = [0]
default_ecn_red_conf.ecn_enable = true
default_ecn_red_conf.red_enable = false
default_ecn_red_conf.min_threshold_bytes = 150000
default_ecn_red_conf.max_threshold_bytes = 1500000
default_ecn_red_conf.probability = 100

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

In Cumulus Linux 5.0 and later, default ECN configuration parameters start with default_ecn_red_conf instead of default_ecn_conf.

All ECN configuration options
ConfigurationExampleExplanation
default_ecn_red_conf.egress_queue_listdefault_ecn_red_conf.egress_queue_list = [0]The list of ECN enabled queues. By default a single queue exists.
default_ecn_red_conf.ecn_enabledefault_ecn_red_conf.ecn_enable = trueEnable (true) or disable (false) ECN bit mmarking.
default_ecn_red_conf.red_enabledefault_ecn_red_conf.red_enable = falseEnable or disable Random Early Detection. The default value is false.
default_ecn_red_conf.min_threshold_bytesdefault_ecn_red_conf.min_threshold_bytes = 150000The minimum threshold of the buffer in bytes. Random ECN marking starts when buffer congestion crosses this threshold. The default_ecn_red_conf.probability value determines if ECN marking occurs.
default_ecn_red_conf.max_threshold_bytesdefault_ecn_red_conf.max_threshold_bytes = 1500000The maximum threshold of the buffer in bytes. Cumulus Linux marks all ECN-capable packets when buffer congestion crosses this threshold.
default_ecn_red_conf.probabilitydefault_ecn_red_conf.probability = 100The probability, in percent, that Cumulus Linux marks an ECN-capable packet when buffer congestion is between the default_ecn_red_conf.min_threshold_bytes and default_ecn_red_conf.max_threshold_bytes. The default is 100 (marks all ECN-capable packets).

Random Early Detection (RED)

ECN prevents packet drops in the network due to congestion by signaling hosts to transmit less. However, if congestion continues after ECN marking, packets drop after the switch buffer is full. By default, Cumulus Linux tail-drops packets when the buffer is full.

You can configure Random Early Detection (RED) to drop packets that are in the queue randomly instead of always dropping the last arriving packet. This might improve overall performance of TCP based flows.

To configure RED, change the value of default_ecn_red_conf.red_enable to true.

default_ecn_red_conf.red_enable = true

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Egress Queues

Cumulus Linux supports eight egress queues to provide different classes of service.

You configure egress queues in the following section of the qos_infra.conf file.

cos_egr_queue.cos_0.uc  = 0
cos_egr_queue.cos_1.uc  = 1
cos_egr_queue.cos_2.uc  = 2
cos_egr_queue.cos_3.uc  = 3
cos_egr_queue.cos_4.uc  = 4
cos_egr_queue.cos_5.uc  = 5
cos_egr_queue.cos_6.uc  = 6
cos_egr_queue.cos_7.uc  = 7

By default internal COS values map directly to the matching egress queue. For example, cos_egr_queue.cos_0.uc = 0 maps internal COS value 0 to egress queue 0.

You can remap queues by changing the .cos_ to the corresponding queue value. For example, to assign internal COS 2 to queue 7 cos_egr_queue.cos_2.uc = 7, map multiple internal COS values to a single egress queue. You do not have to assign all egress queues.

Egress Schedules

Cumulus Linux supports 802.1Qaz, Enhanced Transmission Selection, which allows the switch to assign bandwidth to egress queues and then schedule the transmission of traffic from each queue. 802.1Qaz supports Priority Queuing.

You configure the egress scheduling policy in the following section of the qos_features.conf file:

default_egress_sched.egr_queue_0.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_1.bw_percent = 13
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_3.bw_percent = 13
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_4.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 13
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_7.bw_percent = 13

The egr_queue_ value defines the egress queue where you want to assign bandwidth. For example, default_egress_sched.egr_queue_0 defines the bandwidth allocation for egress queue 0.

The combined total of values you assign to bw_percent must be less than or equal to 100.

If you do not define a queue, there is no bandwidth reservation.

A value of 0 uses strict priority scheduling. This queue always processes ahead of other queues.

The use of strict priority does not define a maximum bandwidth allocation. This can lead to starvation of other queues.

Configured schedules apply on a per-interface basis. Using the default_egress_sched applies the settings to all ports. To customize the scheduler for other interfaces, configure a port_group.

All egress scheduling options
ConfigurationExampleExplanation
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_0.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_0.bw_percent = 12Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 0.
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_1.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_1.bw_percent = 13Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 1.
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_2.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 0Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 2. In this example, a value of 0 means strict priority scheduling.
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_3.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_3.bw_percent = 13Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 3.
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_4.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_4.bw_percent = 12Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 4.
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_5.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 13Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 5.
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_6.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 12Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 6.
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_7.bw_percentdefault_egress_sched.egr_queue_7.bw_percent = 13Define the bandwidth percentage for queue 7.

Policing and Shaping

Traffic shaping and policing control the rate at which the switch sends or receives traffic on a network to prevent congestion.

Traffic shaping typically occurs at egress and traffic policing at ingress.

Shaping

Traffic shaping allows a switch to send traffic at an average bitrate lower than the physical interface. Traffic shaping prevents a receiving device from dropping bursty traffic if the device is either not capable of that rate of traffic or has a policer that limits what it accepts; for example, an ISP.

Traffic shaping works by holding packets in the buffer and releasing them at time intervals called the tc.

Cumulus Linux supports two levels of hierarchical traffic shaping: one at the egress queue level and one at the port level. This allows for minimum and maximum bandwidth guarantees for each egress-queue and a defined interface traffic shaping rate.

You configure traffic shaping in the shaping section of the qos_features.conf file. Traffic shaping configuration supports Port Groups so that you can apply different shaping profiles to different ports.

Cumulus Linux base the egr_queue value on the configured egress queue.

This is an example traffic shaping configuration:

shaping.port_group_list = [shaper_port_group]
shaping.shaper_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp3,swp5
shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_0.shaper = [50000, 100000]
shaping.shaper_port_group.port.shaper = 900000
All Shaping configuration options
ConfigurationExampleExplanation
shaping.port_group_listshaping.port_group_list = [shaper_port_group]Creates a port group to use with traffic shaping settings. In this example, the group is shaper_port_group
shaping.shaper_port_group.port_setshaping.shaper_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp3,swp5Define the set of interfaces to which you want apply traffic shaping. This example enables traffic shaping on swp1, swp2, swp3 and swp5.
shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_0.shapershaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_0.shaper = [50000, 100000]Applies a minimum and maximum bandwidth value in kbps for internal COS group 0. In this example, internal COS 0 always has at least 50000 kbps of bandwidth with a maximum of 100000 kbps.
shaping.shaper_port_group.port.shapershaping.shaper_port_group.port.shaper = 900000Applies the maximum packet shaper rate at the interface level. In this example, swp1, swp2, swp3, and swp5 do not transmit greater than 900000 kbps.

If you define a queue minimum shaping value of 0, there is no bandwidth guarantee for this queue. The maximum queue shaping value must not exceed the interface shaping value defined by port.shaper. The port.shaper value must not exceed the physical interface speed.

Policing

Traffic policing prevents an interface from receiving more traffic than intended. You use policing to enforce a maximum transmission rate on an interface. The switch drops any traffic you send above the policing level.

Cumulus Linux supports both a single-rate policer and a dual-rate policer (tricolor policer).

You configure traffic policing using ebtables, iptables, or ip6table rules.

For more information on configuring and applying ACLs, refer to Netfilter - ACLs.

Single-rate Policer

To configure a single-rate policer, use iptables JUMP action -j POLICE.

Cumulus Linux supports the following iptables flags with a single-rate policer.

iptables FlagDescription
--set-mode [pkt | KB]Define the policer to count packets or kilobytes.
--set-rate [<kbytes> | <packets>]The maximum rate of traffic in kilobytes or packets per second.
--set-burst <kilobytes>The allowed burst size in kilobytes.

For example, to create a policer to allow 400 packets per second with 100 packet burst:
-j POLICE --set-mode pkt --set-rate 400 --set-burst 100

Dual-rate Policer

To configure a policer, use the iptables JUMP action -j TRICOLORPOLICE.

Cumulus Linux supports the following iptables flags with a dual-rate policer.

iptables FlagDescription
--set-color-mode [blind | aware]Define the policing mode as single-rate (blind) or dual-rate (aware). The default is aware.
--set-cir <kbps>Committed information rate (CIR) in kilobits per second.
--set-cbs <kbytes>Committed burst size (CBS) in kilobytes.
--set-pir <kbps>Peak information rate (PIR) in kilobits per second.
--set-ebs <kbytes>Excess burst size (EBS) in kilobytes.
--set-conform-action-dscp <dscp value>The numerical DSCP value to mark for traffic that conforms to the policer rate.
--set-exceed-action-dscp <dscp value>The numerical DSCP value to mark for traffic that exceeds to the policer rate.
--set-violate-action-dscp <dscp value>The numerical DSCP value to mark for traffic that violates the policer rate.
--set-violate-action [accept | drop]Cumulus Linux either accepts and remarks, or drops packets that violate the policer rate.

For example, to configure a dual-rate, three-color policer, with a 3 Mbps CIR, 500 KB CBS, 10 Mbps PIR, and 1 MB EBS and drops packets that violate the policer:

-j TRICOLORPOLICE --set-color-mode blind --set-cir 3000 --set-cbs 500 --set-pir 10000 --set-ebs 1000 --set-violate-action drop

Port Groups

The qos_features.conf file supports port groups to apply similar QoS configurations to a set of ports. Cumulus Linux supports port groups for all features including ECN and RED .

  • Configurations with port groups override the global settings for the ingress ports in the port group.
  • Ports not in a port group use the global settings.
  • You can add all ports to a port_set with the allports value.

Trust and Marking

You define port groups with the source.port_group_list configuration in the qos_features.conf file.

A source.port_group_list is one or more names used for group settings. The name is a label for configuration settings. For example, if a source.port_group_list includes test, Cumulus Linux configures the following port_default_priority with source.test.port_default_priority.

The following is an example source.port_group_list configuration.

source.port_group_list = [customer1,customer2]
source.customer1.packet_priority_source_set = [dscp]
source.customer1.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6
source.customer1.port_default_priority = 0
source.customer1.cos_0.priority_source.dscp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
source.customer2.packet_priority_source_set = [cos]
source.customer2.port_set = swp5,swp7
source.customer2.port_default_priority = 0
source.customer2.cos_1.priority_source.8021p = [4]
ConfigurationExampleDescription
source.port_group_listsource.port_group_list = [customer1,customer2]Defines the names of the port groups you want to use (customer1 and customer2).
source.customer1.packet_priority_source_setsource.customer1.packet_priority_source_set = [dscp]Defines the ingress marking trust. In this example, ingress DSCP values are for group customer1.
source.customer1.port_setsource.customer1.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6The set of ports to which to apply the ingress marking trust policy. In this example, ports swp1, swp2, swp3, swp4, and swp6 are for customer1.
source.customer1.port_default_prioritysource.customer1.port_default_priority = 0Define the default internal COS marking for unmarked or untrusted traffic. In this example, Cumulus Linux marks unmarked traffic or layer 2 traffic for customer1 ports with internal COS 0.
source.customer1.cos_0.priority_sourcesource.customer1.cos_0.priority_source.dscp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]Map the ingress DSCP values to an internal COS value for customer1. In this example, the set of DSCP values from 0 through 7 map to internal COS 0.
source.customer2.packet_priority_source_setsource.packet_priority_source_set = [cos]Defines the ingress marking trust for customer2. In this example, COS is trusted.
source.customer2.port_setsource.customer2.port_set = swp5,swp7The set of ports to which to apply the ingress marking trust policy. In this example, ports swp5 and swp7 apply for customer2.
source.customer2.port_default_prioritysource.customer2.port_default_priority = 0Define the default internal COS marking for unmarked or untrusted traffic. In this example, Cumulus Linux marks unmarked tagged layer 2 traffic or unmarked VLAN tagged traffic for customer1 ports with internal COS 0.
source.customer2.cos_0.priority_sourcesource.customer2.cos_1.priority_source.8021p = [4]Map the ingress COS values to an internal COS value for customer2. This example maps ingress COS value 4 to internal COS 1 .

To apply the settings, reload the switchd service. See the switchd section for more information.

Remarking

You can also use port groups to remark COS or DSCP on egress according to the internal COS value. You define these port groups with remark.port_group_list in the qos_features.conf file.

A remark.port_group_list includes the names for the group settings. The name is a label for configuration settings. For example, if a remark.port_group_list includes test, Cumulus Linux configures the following remark.port_set with remark.test.port_set.

The following is an example remark.group_list configuration.

remark.port_group_list = [list1,list2]
remark.list1.port_set = swp1-swp3,swp6
remark.list1.cos_3.priority_remark.dscp = [24]
remark.list2.packet_priority_remark_set = [802.1p]
remark.list2.port_set = swp9,swp10
remark.list2.cos_3.priority_remark.8021p = [2]
ConfigurationExampleExplanation
remark.port_group_listremark.port_group_list = [list1,list2]Defines the names of the port groups to use (list1 and list2).
remark.list1.packet_priority_remark_setremark.list1.packet_priority_remark_set = [dscp]Defines the egress marking to apply, 802.1p or dscp. This example rewrites the egress DSCP marking.
remark.list1.port_setremark.list1.port_set = swp1-swp3,swp6The set of ingress ports that receives frames or packets that has remarking, regardless of egress interface. This example remarks the egress DSCP values of traffic arriving on ports swp1, swp2, swp3 and swp6.
remark.list1.cos_3.priority_remark.dscpremark.list1.cos_3.priority_remark.dscp = [24]The egress DSCP value to write to the packet according to the internal COS value. In this example, traffic in internal COS 3 sets the egress DSCP to 24.
remark.list2.packet_priority_remark_setremark.list2.packet_priority_remark_set = [802.1p]Defines the egress marking to apply, cos or dscp. This example rewrites the egress COS marking.
remark.list2.port_setremark.list2.port_set = swp9,swp10The set of ingress ports that receives frames or packets with remarking, regardless of egress interface. This example remarks the egress COS values for traffic arriving on ports swp9 and swp10.
remark.list2.cos_4.priority_remark.8021premark.list1.cos_3.priority_remark.8021p = [2]The egress COS value to write to the frame according to the internal COS value. In this example, traffic in internal COS 4 sets the egress COS 2.

Egress Scheduling

You can use port groups with egress scheduling weights to assign different profiles to different egress ports. You define these port groups with egress_sched.port_group_list in the qos_features.conf file.

An egress_sched.port_group_list includes the names for the group settings. The name is a label for the configuration settings. For example, if an egress_sched.port_group_list includes test, Cumulus Linux configures the following egress_sched.port_set with egress_sched.test.port_set.

The following is an example egress_sched.group_list configuration:

egress_sched.port_group_list = [list1,list2]
egress_sched.list1.port_set = swp2
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_0.bw_percent = 10
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_1.bw_percent = 20
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 30
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_3.bw_percent = 10
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_4.bw_percent = 10
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 10
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 10
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_7.bw_percent = 0
#
egress_sched.list2.port_set = [swp1,swp3,swp18]
egress_sched.list2.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 50
egress_sched.list2.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 50
egress_sched.list2.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 0
ConfigurationExampleExplanation
egress_sched.port_group_listegress_sched.port_group_list = [list1,list2]Defines the names of the port groups to use (list1 and list2).
egress_sched.list1.port_setegress_sched.list1.port_set = swp2Assigns a port to a port group. In this example, swp2 is now part of port group list1.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_0.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_0.bw_percent = 10Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 0. In this example, 10% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_1.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_1.bw_percent = 20Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 1. In this example, 20% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_2.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 30Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 2. In this example, 13% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_3.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_3.bw_percent = 10Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 3. In this example, 10% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_4.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_4.bw_percent = 10Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 4. In this example, 10% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_5.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 10Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 5. In this example, 10% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_6.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 10Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 6. In this example, 10% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list1.egr_queue_7.bw_percentegress_sched.list1.egr_queue_7.bw_percent = 0Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 7. In this example, 0 indicates a strict priority queue.
egress_sched.list2.port_setegress_sched.list2.port_set = [swp1,swp3,swp18]Assigns ports swp1, swp3 and swp18 to port group list2.
egress_sched.list2.egr_queue_2.bw_percentegress_sched.list2.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 50Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 2. In this example, 50% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list2.egr_queue_5.bw_percentegress_sched.list2.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 50Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 5. In this example, 50% of egress bandwidth.
egress_sched.list2.egr_queue_6.bw_percentegress_sched.list2.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 0Assigns the percentage of bandwidth to egress queue 6. In this example, 0 indicates a strict priority queue.

The above example only assigns weights to queues 2, 5, and 6 to the port group list2 and schedules the other queues on a best-effort basis when there is no congestion in queues 2, 5, or 6.

Syntax Checker

Cumulus Linux provides a syntax checker for the qos_features.conf and qos_infra.conf files to check for errors, such missing parameters or invalid parameter labels and values.

The syntax checker runs automatically with every switchd reload.

You can run the syntax checker manually from the command line with the cl-consistency-check --datapath-syntax-check command. If errors exist, they write to stderr by default. If you run the command with -q, errors write to the /var/log/switchd.log file.

The cl-consistency-check --datapath-syntax-check command takes the following options:

Option
Description
-hDisplays this list of command options.
-qRuns the command in quiet mode. Errors write to the /var/log/switchd.log file instead of stderr.
-qiRuns the syntax checker against a specified qos_infra.conf file.
-qfRuns the syntax checker against a specified qos_features.conf file.

By default the syntax checker assumes:

  • qos_infra.conf is in /etc/mlx/datapath/qos/qos_infra.conf
  • qos_features.conf is in /etc/cumulus/datapath/qos/qos_features.conf

You can run the syntax checker when switchd is either running or stopped.

Default Configuration Files

qos_features.conf
#
# /etc/cumulus/datapath/qos/qos_features.conf
# Copyright (C) 2021 NVIDIA Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
#

# packet header field used to determine the packet priority level
# fields include {802.1p, dscp, port}
traffic.packet_priority_source_set = [802.1p]
traffic.port_default_priority      = 0

# packet priority source values assigned to each internal cos value
# internal cos values {cos_0..cos_7}
# (internal cos 3 has been reserved for CPU-generated traffic)
#
# 802.1p values = {0..7}
traffic.cos_0.priority_source.8021p = [0]
traffic.cos_1.priority_source.8021p = [1]
traffic.cos_2.priority_source.8021p = [2]
traffic.cos_3.priority_source.8021p = [3]
traffic.cos_4.priority_source.8021p = [4]
traffic.cos_5.priority_source.8021p = [5]
traffic.cos_6.priority_source.8021p = [6]
traffic.cos_7.priority_source.8021p = [7]

# dscp values = {0..63}
#traffic.cos_0.priority_source.dscp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
#traffic.cos_1.priority_source.dscp = [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
#traffic.cos_2.priority_source.dscp = [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]
#traffic.cos_3.priority_source.dscp = [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]
#traffic.cos_4.priority_source.dscp = [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]
#traffic.cos_5.priority_source.dscp = [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]
#traffic.cos_6.priority_source.dscp = [48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]
#traffic.cos_7.priority_source.dscp = [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

# remark packet priority value
# fields include {802.1p, dscp}
traffic.packet_priority_remark_set = []

# packet priority remark values assigned from each internal cos value
# internal cos values {cos_0..cos_7}
# (internal cos 3 has been reserved for CPU-generated traffic)
#
# 802.1p values = {0..7}
#traffic.cos_0.priority_remark.8021p = [0]
#traffic.cos_1.priority_remark.8021p = [1]
#traffic.cos_2.priority_remark.8021p = [2]
#traffic.cos_3.priority_remark.8021p = [3]
#traffic.cos_4.priority_remark.8021p = [4]
#traffic.cos_5.priority_remark.8021p = [5]
#traffic.cos_6.priority_remark.8021p = [6]
#traffic.cos_7.priority_remark.8021p = [7]

# dscp values = {0..63}
#traffic.cos_0.priority_remark.dscp = [0]
#traffic.cos_1.priority_remark.dscp = [8]
#traffic.cos_2.priority_remark.dscp = [16]
#traffic.cos_3.priority_remark.dscp = [24]
#traffic.cos_4.priority_remark.dscp = [32]
#traffic.cos_5.priority_remark.dscp = [40]
#traffic.cos_6.priority_remark.dscp = [48]
#traffic.cos_7.priority_remark.dscp = [56]

# source.port_group_list = [source_port_group]
# source.source_port_group.packet_priority_source_set = [dscp]
# source.source_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6
# source.source_port_group.port_default_priority = 0
# source.source_port_group.cos_0.priority_source.dscp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
# source.source_port_group.cos_1.priority_source.dscp = [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
# source.source_port_group.cos_2.priority_source.dscp = [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]
# source.source_port_group.cos_3.priority_source.dscp = [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]
# source.source_port_group.cos_4.priority_source.dscp = [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]
# source.source_port_group.cos_5.priority_source.dscp = [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]
# source.source_port_group.cos_6.priority_source.dscp = [48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]
# source.source_port_group.cos_7.priority_source.dscp = [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

# remark.port_group_list = [remark_port_group]
# remark.remark_port_group.packet_priority_remark_set = [dscp]
# remark.remark_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_0.priority_remark.dscp = [0]
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_1.priority_remark.dscp = [8]
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_2.priority_remark.dscp = [16]
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_3.priority_remark.dscp = [24]
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_4.priority_remark.dscp = [32]
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_5.priority_remark.dscp = [40]
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_6.priority_remark.dscp = [48]
# remark.remark_port_group.cos_7.priority_remark.dscp = [56]

# to configure priority flow control on a group of ports:
# -- assign cos value(s) to the cos list
# -- add or replace a port group names in the port group list
# -- for each port group in the list
#    -- populate the port set, e.g.
#       swp1-swp4,swp8,swp50s0-swp50s3
#    -- set a PFC buffer size in bytes for each port in the group
#    -- set the xoff byte limit (buffer limit that triggers PFC frames transmit to start)
#    -- set the xon byte delta (buffer limit that triggers PFC frames transmit to stop)
#    -- enable PFC frame transmit and/or PFC frame receive

# priority flow control
#pfc.port_group_list = [pfc_port_group]
#pfc.pfc_port_group.cos_list = []
#pfc.pfc_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6
#pfc.pfc_port_group.port_buffer_bytes = 25000
#pfc.pfc_port_group.xoff_size = 10000
#pfc.pfc_port_group.xon_delta = 2000
#pfc.pfc_port_group.tx_enable = true
#pfc.pfc_port_group.rx_enable = true
#
#Specify cable length in mts
#pfc.pfc_port_group.cable_length = 10

# to configure pause on a group of ports:
# -- add or replace port group names in the port group list
# -- for each port group in the list
#    -- populate the port set, e.g.
#       swp1-swp4,swp8,swp50s0-swp50s3
#    -- set a pause buffer size in bytes for each port
#    -- set the xoff byte limit (buffer limit that triggers pause frames transmit to start)
#    -- set the xon byte delta (buffer limit that triggers pause frames transmit to stop)
#    -- enable pause frame transmit and/or pause frame receive

# link pause
# link_pause.port_group_list = [pause_port_group]
# link_pause.pause_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6
# link_pause.pause_port_group.port_buffer_bytes = 25000
# link_pause.pause_port_group.xoff_size = 10000
# link_pause.pause_port_group.xon_delta = 2000
# link_pause.pause_port_group.rx_enable = true
# link_pause.pause_port_group.tx_enable = true
#
# Specify cable length in mts
# link_pause.pause_port_group.cable_length = 10

# Explicit Congestion Notification
# to configure ECN and RED on a group of ports:
# -- add or replace port group names in the port group list
# -- assign cos value(s) to the cos list
# -- for each port group in the list
#    -- populate the port set, e.g.
#       swp1-swp4,swp8,swp50s0-swp50s3
# -- to enable RED requires the latest qos_features.conf
#ecn_red.port_group_list = [ecn_red_port_group]
#ecn_red.ecn_red_port_group.egress_queue_list = []
#ecn_red.ecn_red_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp4,swp6
#ecn_red.ecn_red_port_group.ecn_enable = true
#ecn_red.ecn_red_port_group.red_enable = false
#ecn_red.ecn_red_port_group.min_threshold_bytes = 40000
#ecn_red.ecn_red_port_group.max_threshold_bytes = 200000
#ecn_red.ecn_red_port_group.probability = 100

#Default ECN configuration on TC0
default_ecn_red_conf.egress_queue_list = [0]
default_ecn_red_conf.ecn_enable = true
default_ecn_red_conf.red_enable = false
default_ecn_red_conf.min_threshold_bytes = 150000
default_ecn_red_conf.max_threshold_bytes = 1500000
default_ecn_red_conf.probability = 100

# Hierarchical traffic shaping
# to configure shaping at 2 levels:
#     - per egress queue egr_queue_0 - egr_queue_7
#     - port level aggregate
# -- add or replace a port group names in the port group list
# -- for each port group in the list
#    -- populate the port set, e.g.
#       swp1-swp4,swp8,swp50s0-swp50s3
#    -- set min and max rates in kbps for each egr_queue [min, max]
#    -- set max rate in kbps at port level
# shaping.port_group_list = [shaper_port_group]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.port_set = swp1-swp3,swp5,swp7s0-swp7s3
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_0.shaper = [50000, 100000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_1.shaper = [51000, 150000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_2.shaper = [52000, 200000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_3.shaper = [53000, 250000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_4.shaper = [54000, 300000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_5.shaper = [55000, 350000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_6.shaper = [56000, 400000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.egr_queue_7.shaper = [57000, 450000]
# shaping.shaper_port_group.port.shaper = 900000

# default egress scheduling weight per egress queue 
# To be applied to all the ports if port_group profile not configured
# If you do not specify any bw_percent of egress_queues, those egress queues 
# will assume DWRR weight 0 - no egress scheduling for those queues
# '0' indicates strict priority
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_0.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_1.bw_percent = 13
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_3.bw_percent = 13
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_4.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 13
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 12
default_egress_sched.egr_queue_7.bw_percent = 13

# port_group profile for egress scheduling weight per egress queue 
# If you do not specify any bw_percent of egress_queues, those egress queues 
# will assume DWRR weight 0 - no egress scheduling for those queues
# '0' indicates strict priority
#egress_sched.port_group_list = [sched_port_group1]
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.port_set = swp2
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_0.bw_percent = 10
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_1.bw_percent = 20
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_2.bw_percent = 30
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_3.bw_percent = 10
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_4.bw_percent = 10
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_5.bw_percent = 10
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_6.bw_percent = 10
#egress_sched.sched_port_group1.egr_queue_7.bw_percent = 0

# Cut-through is disabled by default on all chips with the exception of
# Spectrum.  On Spectrum cut-through cannot be disabled.
#cut_through_enable = false
qos_infra.conf
### qos_infra.conf
#
# Default qos_infra configuration for Mellanox Spectrum chip
# Copyright (C) 2021 NVIDIA Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
#
# scheduling algorithm: algorithm values = {dwrr}
scheduling.algorithm = dwrr

# priority groups
# supported group names are control, bulk, service1-6
traffic.priority_group_list = [bulk]

# internal cos values assigned to each priority group
# each cos value should be assigned exactly once
# internal cos values {0..7}
priority_group.bulk.cos_list = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

# Alias Name defined for each priority group
# Valid string between 0-255 chars
# Sample alias support for naming priority groups
#priority_group.bulk.alias = "Bulk"

# priority group ID assigned to each priority group
#priority_group.control.id = 7
#priority_group.service2.id = 2
priority_group.bulk.id = 0

# all priority groups share a service pool on Spectrum
# service pools assigned to each priority group
priority_group.bulk.service_pool = 0

# service pool assigned for lossless PGs
#flow_control.ingress_service_pool = 0

# --- ingress buffer space allocations ---
#
# total buffer
#  - ingress minimum buffer allocations
#  - ingress service pool buffer allocations
#  - priority group ingress headroom allocations
#  - ingress global headroom allocations
#  = total ingress shared buffer size

# ingress service pool buffer allocation: percent of total buffer
# If a service pool has no priority groups, the buffer is added
# to the shared buffer space.
ingress_service_pool.0.percent = 100.0
# all priority groups

# Ingress buffer port.pool buffer : size in bytes
#port.service_pool.0.ingress_buffer.reserved = 10240
#port.service_pool.0.ingress_buffer.shared_size = 9000
#port.management.ingress_buffer.reserved = 0

# priority group minimum buffer allocation: size in bytes
# priority group shared buffer allocation: shared buffer size in bytes
# if a priority group has no packet priority values assigned to it, the buffers will not be allocated

#priority_group.bulk.ingress_buffer.reserved           = 0
#priority_group.bulk.ingress_buffer.shared_size        = 15

# ---- ingress dynamic buffering settings
# To enable ingress static pool, set the mode to 0
#ingress_service_pool.0.mode = 0

# The ALPHA defines the max% of buffers (quota) available on a
# per ingress port OR ipool, Ingress PG, Egress TC, Egress port OR epool.
# ALPHA value equates to the following buffer limit calculated as:
# alpha%(alpha+1) = Max Buffer percentage

# https://community.mellanox.com/s/article/understanding-the-alpha-parameter-in-the-buffer-configuration-of-mellanox-spectrum-switches
# Each shared buffer pool can use a maximum of [total_buffer * (alpha / (alpha+1))]
# Configure quota values mapped to the following alpha values:
# Configuration value = alpha level:
# Both ALPHA_*(string representation) as well as integer values (old representation) will be supported for alpha
# 0/ALPHA_0  = alpha 0
# 1/ALPHA_1_128  = alpha 1/128
# 2/ALPHA_1_64  = alpha 1/64
# 3/ALPHA_1_32  = alpha 1/32
# 4/ALPHA_1_16  = alpha 1/16
# 5/ALPHA_1_8  = alpha 1/8
# 6/ALPHA_1_4  = alpha 1/4
# 7/ALPHA_1_2  = alpha 1/2
# 8/ALPHA_1  = alpha  1
# 9/ALPHA_2  = alpha  2
# 10/ALPHA_4 = alpha  4
# 11/ALPHA_8 = alpha  8
# 12/ALPHA_16 = alpha 16
# 13/ALPHA_32 = alpha 32
# 14/ALPHA_64 = alpha 64
# 15/ALPHA_INFINITY = alpha Infinity

# Ingress buffer per-port dynamic buffering alpha (Default: ALPHA_8)
#port.service_pool.0.ingress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_8
#port.management.ingress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_8

# Ingress buffer dynamic buffering alpha for lossless PGs (if any; Default: ALPHA_1)
#flow_control.ingress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1

# Ingress buffer per-PG dynamic buffering alpha (Default: ALPHA_8)
#priority_group.bulk.ingress_buffer.dynamic_quota      = ALPHA_8

# --- egress buffer space allocations ---
#
# total egress buffer
#  - minimum buffer allocations
#  = total service pool buffer size
#
# service pool assigned for lossless PGs
#flow_control.egress_service_pool = 0
#
# service pool assigned for egress queues
egress_buffer.egr_queue_0.uc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.egr_queue_1.uc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.egr_queue_2.uc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.egr_queue_3.uc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.egr_queue_4.uc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.egr_queue_5.uc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.egr_queue_6.uc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.egr_queue_7.uc.service_pool = 0
#
# Service pool buffer allocation: percent of total
# buffer size.
egress_service_pool.0.percent = 100.0
# all priority groups, UC and MC

# Egress buffer port.pool buffer : size in bytes
#port.service_pool.0.egress_buffer.uc.reserved = 10240
#port.service_pool.0.egress_buffer.uc.shared_size = 9000
#port.management.egress_buffer.reserved = 0

# Front panel port egress buffer limits enforced for each
# priority group.
# Unlimited egress buffers not supported on Spectrum.
#priority_group.bulk.unlimited_egress_buffer     = false

#
# if a priority group has no cos values assigned to it, the buffers will not be allocated
#

# Service pool mapping for MC.SP region
egress_buffer.cos_0.mc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.cos_1.mc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.cos_2.mc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.cos_3.mc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.cos_4.mc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.cos_5.mc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.cos_6.mc.service_pool = 0
egress_buffer.cos_7.mc.service_pool = 0
#
# Reserved and static shared buffer allocation for MC.SP region: size in bytes
#egress_buffer.cos_0.mc.reserved = 10240
#egress_buffer.cos_1.mc.reserved = 10240
#egress_buffer.cos_2.mc.reserved = 10240
#egress_buffer.cos_3.mc.reserved = 10240
#egress_buffer.cos_4.mc.reserved = 10240
#egress_buffer.cos_5.mc.reserved = 10240
#egress_buffer.cos_6.mc.reserved = 10240
#egress_buffer.cos_7.mc.reserved = 10240
#
#egress_buffer.cos_0.mc.shared_size = 40
#egress_buffer.cos_1.mc.shared_size = 40
#egress_buffer.cos_2.mc.shared_size =  5
#egress_buffer.cos_3.mc.shared_size = 40
#egress_buffer.cos_4.mc.shared_size = 40
#egress_buffer.cos_5.mc.shared_size = 40
#egress_buffer.cos_6.mc.shared_size = 40
#egress_buffer.cos_7.mc.shared_size = 30

# Shared buffer allocation for ePort.TC region : size in bytes.
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_0.uc.shared_size   = 40
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_1.uc.shared_size   = 40
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_2.uc.shared_size   =  5
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_3.uc.shared_size   = 40
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_4.uc.shared_size   = 40
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_5.uc.shared_size   = 40
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_6.uc.shared_size   = 40
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_7.uc.shared_size   = 30

# Minimum buffer allocation for ePort.TC region: size in bytes
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_0.uc.reserved  = 1024
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_1.uc.reserved  = 1024
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_2.uc.reserved  = 1024
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_3.uc.reserved  = 1024
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_4.uc.reserved  = 1024
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_5.uc.reserved  = 1024
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_6.uc.reserved  = 1024
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_7.uc.reserved  = 1024

# Reserved Egress buffer for TCs mapped to lossless SPs
#flow_control.egress_buffer.reserved = 0

# Egress buffer ePort.MC buffer : size in bytes
# the per-port limit on multicast packets (applies to all switch priorities)
#port.egress_buffer.mc.reserved = 10240
#port.egress_buffer.mc.shared_size = 92160

# To enable egress static pool, set the mode to 0
#egress_service_pool.0.mode = 0
 
# Egress dynamic buffer pool configuration
# Replace the shared_size parameter with the dynamic_quota=n/ALPHA_x,
# where ‘n’ should be the configuration value for alpha.
# 		‘ALPHA_x’ should be string representation for alpha.
# Pls note : Same alpha configuration values can be used as mentioned in Ingress Dynamic Buffering section above
#
# Egress buffer per-port dynamic buffering quota (alpha ; Default: ALPHA_16)
#port.service_pool.0.egress_buffer.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_16
#port.management.egress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_8

# Egress buffer per-egress-queue dynamic buffering quota (alpha) for lossless egress queues (Default: ALPHA_INFINITY)
#flow_control.egress_buffer.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_INFINITY

# Egress buffer per-egress-queue dynamic buffering quota (alpha) for unicast (Default: ALPHA_8)
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_0.uc.dynamic_quota    = ALPHA_2
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_1.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_4
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_2.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_3.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_2
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_4.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_4
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_5.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_8
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_6.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_16
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_7.uc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_32

# Egress buffer per-egress-queue dynamic buffering quota (alpha) for multicast (Default: ALPHA_INFINITY)
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_0.mc.dynamic_quota    = ALPHA_2
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_1.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_4
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_2.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_3.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_2
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_4.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_4
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_5.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_8
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_6.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_16
#egress_buffer.egr_queue_7.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_INFINITY

# These parameters can be assigned to the virtual Multicast port as well (Default: ALPHA_1_4)
#egress_buffer.cos_0.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_4
#egress_buffer.cos_1.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_8
#egress_buffer.cos_2.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_4
#egress_buffer.cos_3.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_2
#egress_buffer.cos_4.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_8
#egress_buffer.cos_5.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1
#egress_buffer.cos_6.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_2
#egress_buffer.cos_7.mc.dynamic_quota = ALPHA_1_4

# internal cos values mapped to egress queues
# multicast queue: same as unicast queue
cos_egr_queue.cos_0.uc  = 0
cos_egr_queue.cos_0.cpu = 0

cos_egr_queue.cos_1.uc  = 1
cos_egr_queue.cos_1.cpu = 1

cos_egr_queue.cos_2.uc  = 2
cos_egr_queue.cos_2.cpu = 2

cos_egr_queue.cos_3.uc  = 3
cos_egr_queue.cos_3.cpu = 3

cos_egr_queue.cos_4.uc  = 4
cos_egr_queue.cos_4.cpu = 4

cos_egr_queue.cos_5.uc  = 5
cos_egr_queue.cos_5.cpu = 5

cos_egr_queue.cos_6.uc  = 6
cos_egr_queue.cos_6.cpu = 6

cos_egr_queue.cos_7.uc  = 7

Caveats

Configure QoS and Breakout Ports Simultaneously

If you configure both breakout ports by modifying ports.conf and QoS settings by modifying qos_features.conf, then apply the settings with reload switchd, errors might occur.

You must apply breakout port configuration before QoS configuration on the breakout ports. Modify ports.conf first, reload switchd, then modify qos_features.conf and reload switchd a second time.

QoS Settings on Bond Member Interfaces

If you apply QoS settings on bond member interfaces instead of the logical bond interface, the members must share identical QoS configuration. If the configuration is not identical between bond interfaces, the bond inherits the _last_ interface you apply to the bond.

If QoS settings do not match, switchd reload fails; however, switchd restart does not fail.

Cut-through Switching

You cannot disable cut-through switching on Spectrum ASICs. Cumulus Linux ignores the cut_through_enable = false setting in the qos_features.conf file.