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Upgrading Cumulus Linux

The default password for the cumulus user account is cumulus. The first time you log into Cumulus Linux, you must change this default password. Be sure to update any automation scripts before you upgrade. You can use ONIE command line options to change the default password automatically during the Cumulus Linux image installation process. Refer to ONIE Installation Options.

This topic describes how to upgrade Cumulus Linux on your switch.

Consider deploying, provisioning, configuring, and upgrading switches using automation, even with small networks or test labs. During the upgrade process, you can upgrade dozens of devices in a repeatable manner. Using tools like Ansible, Chef, or Puppet for configuration management greatly increases the speed and accuracy of the next major upgrade; these tools also enable you to quickly swap failed switch hardware.

Before You Upgrade

Be sure to read the knowledge base article Upgrades: Network Device and Linux Host Worldview Comparison, which provides a detailed comparison between the network device and Linux host worldview of upgrade and installation.

Back up Configuration Files

Understanding the location of configuration data is important for successful upgrades, migrations, and backup. As with other Linux distributions, the /etc directory is the primary location for all configuration data in Cumulus Linux. The following list contains the files you need to back up and migrate to a new release. Make sure you examine any changed files. Make the following files and directories part of a backup strategy.

File Name and LocationDescriptionCumulus Linux DocumentationDebian Documentation
/etc/frr/Routing application (responsible for BGP and OSPF)FRRoutingN/A
/etc/hostnameConfiguration file for the hostname of the switchQuick Start Guidehttps://wiki.debian.org/HowTo/ChangeHostname
/etc/network/Network configuration files, most notably /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/network/interfaces.d/Switch Port AttributesN/A
/etc/resolv.confDNS resolutionNot unique to Cumulus Linux: wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfigurationhttps://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html
/etc/hostsConfiguration file for the hostname of the switchQuick Start Guidehttps://wiki.debian.org/HowTo/ChangeHostname
/etc/cumulus/acl/*Netfilter configurationNetfilter - ACLsN/A
/etc/cumulus/control-plane/policers.confConfiguration for control plane policersNetfilter - ACLsN/A
/etc/cumulus/datapath/qos/qos_features.confQoS configuration

Note: In Cumulus Linux 5.0 and later, default ECN configuration parameters start with default_ecn_red_conf instead of default_ecn_conf.
Quality of ServiceN/A
/etc/mlx/datapath/qos/qos_infra.confQoS configurationQuality of ServiceN/A
/etc/mlx/datapath/tcam_profile.confConfiguration for the forwarding table profilesSupported Route Table EntriesN/A
/etc/cumulus/datapath/traffic.confConfiguration for the forwarding table profilesSupported Route Table EntriesN/A
/etc/cumulus/ports.confBreakout cable configuration fileSwitch Port AttributesN/A; read the guide on breakout cables
/etc/cumulus/switchd.confswitchd configurationConfiguring switchdN/A; read the guide on switchd configuration
/etc/cumulus/switchd.d/qos.confQoS configurationQuality of ServiceN/A
File Name and LocationDescriptionCumulus Linux DocumentationDebian Documentation
/etc/motdMessage of the dayNot unique to Cumulus Linuxwiki.debian.org/motd
/etc/passwdUser account informationNot unique to Cumulus Linuxhttps://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch04.en.html
/etc/shadowSecure user account informationNot unique to Cumulus Linuxhttps://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch04.en.html
/etc/groupDefines user groups on the switchNot unique to Cumulus Linuxhttps://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch04.en.html
/etc/init/lldpd.confLink Layer Discover Protocol (LLDP) daemon configurationLink Layer Discovery Protocolhttps://packages.debian.org/buster/lldpd
/etc/lldpd.d/Configuration directory for lldpdLink Layer Discovery Protocolhttps://packages.debian.org/buster/lldpd
/etc/nsswitch.confName Service Switch (NSS) configuration fileTACACSN/A
/etc/ssh/SSH configuration filesSSH for Remote Accesshttps://wiki.debian.org/SSH
/etc/sudoers, /etc/sudoers.dBest practice is to place changes in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of /etc/sudoers; changes in the /etc/sudoers.d/ directory are not lost during upgradeUsing sudo to Delegate Privileges

  • If you are using the root user account, consider including /root/.
  • If you have custom user accounts, consider including /home/<username>/.
  • Run the net show configuration files | grep -B 1 "===" command and back up the files listed in the command output.

File Name and LocationDescription
/etc/mlx/Per-platform hardware configuration directory, created on first boot. Do not copy.
/etc/default/clagdCreated and managed by ifupdown2. Do not copy.
/etc/default/grubGrub init table. Do not modify manually.
/etc/default/hwclockPlatform hardware-specific file. Created during first boot. Do not copy.
/etc/initPlatform initialization files. Do not copy.
/etc/init.d/Platform initialization files. Do not copy.
/etc/fstabStatic information on filesystem. Do not copy.
/etc/image-releaseSystem version data. Do not copy.
/etc/os-releaseSystem version data. Do not copy.
/etc/lsb-releaseSystem version data. Do not copy.
/etc/lvm/archiveFilesystem files. Do not copy.
/etc/lvm/backupFilesystem files. Do not copy.
/etc/modulesCreated during first boot. Do not copy.
/etc/modules-load.d/Created during first boot. Do not copy.
/etc/sensors.dPlatform-specific sensor data. Created during first boot. Do not copy.
/root/.ansibleAnsible tmp files. Do not copy.
/home/cumulus/.ansibleAnsible tmp files. Do not copy.

The following commands verify which files have changed compared to the previous Cumulus Linux install. Be sure to back up any changed files.

  • Run the sudo dpkg --verify command to show a list of changed files.
  • Run the egrep -v '^$|^#|=""$' /etc/default/isc-dhcp-* command to see if any of the generated /etc/default/isc-* files have changed.

Back Up and Restore Configuration with NVUE

To back up and restore the configuration on the switch with NVUE, you can either:

  • Back up and restore the NVUE configuration file (available when upgrading from 4.4 and later).
  • Back up and restore the NVUE configuration commands (available when upgrading from 5.0 and later).

You can backup and restore the configuration with NVUE only if you used NVUE commands to configure the switch you want to upgrade.

To back up and restore the configuration file:

  1. Save the configuration to the /etc/nvue.d/startup.yaml file with the nv config save command:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config save
    saved
    
  2. Copy the /etc/nvue.d/startup.yaml file off the switch to a different location.

  3. After upgrade is complete, restore the configuration. Copy the /etc/nvue.d/startup.yaml file to the switch, then run the nv config apply startup command:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config apply startup
    applied
    

To backup and restore the configuration commands:

  1. Run the nv config show -o commands > backup.config command to save the commands to the backup.config file:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config show -o commands > backup.config
    
  2. Copy the backup.config file off the switch to a different location.

  3. After upgrade is complete, restore the configuration. Copy the backup.config file to the switch, then run the source backup.config command to run all the commands in the file.

    cumulus@switch:~$ source backup.config
    
  4. Verify the configuration on the switch, then run the nv config save command to save the configuration to the /etc/nvue.d/startup.yaml file.

For information about the NVUE object model and commands, see NVIDIA User Experience - NVUE.

Create a cl-support Output File

Before and after you upgrade the switch, run the cl-support script to create a cl-support archive file. The file is a compressed archive of useful information for troubleshooting. If you experience any issues during upgrade, you can send this archive file to the Cumulus Linux support team to investigate.

  1. Create the cl-support archive file with the cl-support command:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo cl-support
    
  2. Copy the cl-support file off the switch to a different location.

  3. After upgrade is complete, run the cl-support command again to create a new archive file:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo cl-support
    

Upgrade Cumulus Linux

ONIE is an open source project (equivalent to PXE on servers) that enables the installation of network operating systems (NOS) on a bare metal switch.

You can upgrade Cumulus Linux in one of two ways:

  • Install a Cumulus Linux image of the new release, using ONIE.
  • Upgrade only the changed packages using the sudo -E apt-get update and sudo -E apt-get upgrade command.

Cumulus Linux also provides ISSU to upgrade an active switch with minimal disruption to the network. See ISSU.

  • To upgrade to Cumulus Linux 5.1.0 from Cumulus Linux 4.x or 3.x, you must install a disk image of the new release using ONIE. You cannot upgrade packages with the apt-get upgrade command.
  • Upgrading an MLAG pair requires additional steps. If you are using MLAG to dual connect two Cumulus Linux switches in your environment, follow the steps in Upgrade Switches in an MLAG Pair below to ensure a smooth upgrade.

Install a Cumulus Linux Image or Upgrade Packages?

The decision to upgrade Cumulus Linux by either installing a Cumulus Linux image or upgrading packages depends on your environment and your preferences. Here are some recommendations for each upgrade method.

Install a Cumulus Linux image if you are performing a rolling upgrade in a production environment and if are using up-to-date and comprehensive automation scripts. This upgrade method enables you to choose the exact release to which you want to upgrade and is the only method available to upgrade your switch to a new release train (for example, from 4.4.3 to 5.1.0).

Be aware of the following when installing the Cumulus Linux image:

  • Installing a Cumulus Linux image is destructive; any configuration files on the switch are not saved; copy them to a different server before you start the Cumulus Linux image install.
  • You must move configuration data to the new OS using ZTP or automation while the OS is first booted, or soon afterwards using out-of-band management.
  • Moving a configuration file can cause issues.
  • Identifying all the locations of configuration data is not always an easy task. See Before You Upgrade Cumulus Linux above.
  • Merge conflicts with configuration file changes in the new release sometimes go undetected.
  • If configuration files do not restore correctly, you cannot ssh to the switch from in-band management. Use out-of-band connectivity (eth0 or console).
  • You must reinstall and reconfigure third-party applications after upgrade.

Run package upgrade if you are upgrading from Cumulus Linux 5.0.0 to a later 5.x release, or if you use third-party applications (package upgrade does not replace or remove third-party applications, unlike the Cumulus Linux image install).

Be aware of the following when upgrading packages:

  • You cannot upgrade the switch to a new release train. For example, you cannot upgrade the switch from 4.x to 5.x.
  • The sudo -E apt-get upgrade command might restart or stop services as part of the upgrade process.
  • The sudo -E apt-get upgrade command might disrupt core services by changing core service dependency packages.
  • After you upgrade, account UIDs and GIDs created by packages might be different on different switches, depending on the configuration and package installation history.
  • Cumulus Linux does not support the sudo -E apt-get dist-upgrade command. Be sure to use sudo -E apt-get upgrade when upgrading packages.
  • The supported upgrade path is the base image plus two. For example, if the starting image is Cumulus Linux 5.2, the latest release that package upgrade supports is Cumulus Linux 5.4 (5.2 + 2 = 5.4).
  • You can check the base image with the grep RELEASE /etc/image-release syntax.
  • Occasionally, a release contains a base OS upgrade and does not support package upgrade; release notes indicate when a release does not support package upgrade.

Cumulus Linux Image Install (ONIE)

ONIE is an open source project (equivalent to PXE on servers) that enables the installation of network operating systems (NOS) on a bare metal switch.

To upgrade the switch:

  1. Back up the configurations off the switch.

  2. Download the Cumulus Linux image.

  3. Install the Cumulus Linux image with the onie-install -a -i <image-location> command, which boots the switch into ONIE. The following example command installs the image from a web server, then reboots the switch. There are additional ways to install the Cumulus Linux image, such as using FTP, a local file, or a USB drive. For more information, see Installing a New Cumulus Linux Image.

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo onie-install -a -i http://10.0.1.251/cumulus-linux-4.1.0-mlx-amd64.bin && sudo reboot
    
  4. Restore the configuration files to the new release (restoring files with automation is not recommended).

  5. Verify correct operation with the old configurations on the new release.

  6. Reinstall third party applications and associated configurations.

Package Upgrade

Cumulus Linux completely embraces the Linux and Debian upgrade workflow, where you use an installer to install a base image, then perform any upgrades within that release train with sudo -E apt-get update and sudo -E apt-get upgrade commands. Any packages that have changed after the base install get upgraded in place from the repository. All switch configuration files remain untouched, or in rare cases merged (using the Debian merge function) during the package upgrade.

When you use package upgrade to upgrade your switch, configuration data stays in place during the upgrade. If the new release updates a previously changed configuration file, the upgrade process prompts you to either specify the version you want to use or evaluate the differences.

To upgrade the switch using package upgrade:

  1. Back up the configurations from the switch.

  2. Fetch the latest update metadata from the repository.

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update
    
  3. Review potential upgrade issues (in some cases, upgrading new packages might also upgrade additional existing packages due to dependencies).

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade --dry-run
    
  4. Upgrade all the packages to the latest distribution.

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
    

    If you do not need to reboot the switch after the upgrade completes, the upgrade ends, restarts all upgraded services, and logs messages in the /var/log/syslog file similar to the ones shown below. In the examples below, the process only upgrades the frr package.

    Policy: Service frr.service action stop postponed
    Policy: Service frr.service action start postponed
    Policy: Restarting services: frr.service
    Policy: Finished restarting services
    Policy: Removed /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
    Policy: Upgrade is finished
    

    If the upgrade process encounters changed configuration files that have new versions in the release to which you are upgrading, you see a message similar to this:

    Configuration file '/etc/frr/daemons'
    ==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
    ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
    What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
    Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O : keep your currently-installed version
    D : show the differences between the versions
    Z : start a shell to examine the situation
    The default action is to keep your current version.
    *** daemons (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
    
    • To see the differences between the currently installed version and the new version, type D.
    • To keep the currently installed version, type N. The new package version installs with the suffix .dpkg-dist (for example, /etc/frr/daemons.dpkg-dist). When the upgrade completes and before you reboot, merge your changes with the changes from the newly installed file.
    • To install the new version, type I. Your currently installed version has the suffix .dpkg-old.
    • Cumulus Linux includes /etc/apt/sources.list in the cumulus-archive-keyring package. During upgrade, you must select if you want the new version from the package or the existing file.

    When the upgrade is complete, you can search for the files with the sudo find / -mount -type f -name '*.dpkg-*' command.

    If you see errors for expired GPG keys that prevent you from upgrading packages, follow the steps in Upgrading Expired GPG Keys.

  5. Reboot the switch if the upgrade messages indicate that you need to perform a system restart.

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
    ... upgrade messages here ...
    
    *** Caution: Service restart prior to reboot could cause unpredictable behavior
    *** System reboot required ***
    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo reboot
    
  6. Verify correct operation with the old configurations on the new version.

Upgrade Notes

Package upgrade always updates to the latest available release in the Cumulus Linux repository. For example, if you are currently running Cumulus Linux 5.0.0 and run the sudo -E apt-get upgrade command on that switch, the packages upgrade to the latest releases in the latest 5.x release.

Because Cumulus Linux is a collection of different Debian Linux packages, be aware of the following:

  • The /etc/os-release and /etc/lsb-release files update to the currently installed Cumulus Linux release when you upgrade the switch using either package upgrade or Cumulus Linux image install. For example, if you run sudo -E apt-get upgrade and the latest Cumulus Linux release on the repository is 5.1.0, these two files display the release as 5.1.0 after the upgrade.
  • The /etc/image-release file updates only when you run a Cumulus Linux image install. Therefore, if you run a Cumulus Linux image install of Cumulus Linux 5.0.0, followed by a package upgrade to 5.1.0 using sudo -E apt-get upgrade, the /etc/image-release file continues to display Cumulus Linux 5.0.0, which is the originally installed base image.

Upgrade Switches in an MLAG Pair

If you are using MLAG to dual connect two switches in your environment, follow the steps below to upgrade the switches.

You must upgrade both switches in the MLAG pair to the same release of Cumulus Linux.

Only during the upgrade process does Cumulus Linux supports different software versions between MLAG peer switches. After you upgrade the first MLAG switch in the pair, run the clagctl showtimers command to monitor the init-delay timer. When the timer expires, make the upgraded MLAG switch the primary, then upgrade the peer to the same version of Cumulus Linux.

Running different versions of Cumulus Linux on MLAG peer switches outside of the upgrade time period is untested and might have unexpected results.

  1. Verify the switch is in the secondary role:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv show mlag
    
  2. Shut down the core uplink layer 3 interfaces. The following example shuts down swp1:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv set interface swp1 link state down
    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config apply
    
  3. Shut down the peer link:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv set interface peerlink link state down
    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config apply
    
  4. To boot the switch into ONIE, run the onie-install -a -i <image-location> command. The following example command installs the image from a web server. There are additional ways to install the Cumulus Linux image, such as using FTP, a local file, or a USB drive. For more information, see Installing a New Cumulus Linux Image.

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo onie-install -a -i http://10.0.1.251/downloads/cumulus-linux-4.1.0-mlx-amd64.bin
    

    To upgrade the switch with package upgrade instead of booting into ONIE, run the sudo -E apt-get update and sudo -E apt-get upgrade commands; see Package Upgrade.

  5. Save the changes to the NVUE configuration from steps 2-3 and reboot the switch:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config save
    cumulus@switch:~$ nv action reboot system
    
  6. If you installed a new image on the switch, restore the configuration files to the new release. If you performed an upgrade with apt, bring the uplink and peer link interfaces you shut down in steps 2-3 up:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv set interface swp1 link state up
    cumulus@switch:~$ nv set interface peerlink link state down
    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config apply
    cumulus@switch:~$ nv config save
    
  7. Verify STP convergence across both switches with the Linux mstpctl showall command. NVUE does not provide an equivalent command.

    cumulus@switch:~$ mstpctl showall
    
  8. Verify core uplinks and peer links are UP:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv show interface
    
  9. Verify MLAG convergence:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv show mlag
    
  10. Make this secondary switch the primary:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv set mlag priority 2084
    
  11. Verify the other switch is now in the secondary role.

  12. Repeat steps 2-9 on the new secondary switch.

  13. Remove the priority 2048 and restore the priority back to 32768 on the current primary switch:

    cumulus@switch:~$ nv set mlag priority 32768
    
  1. Verify the switch is in the secondary role:

    cumulus@switch:~$ clagctl status
    
  2. Shut down the core uplink layer 3 interfaces:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ip link set <switch-port> down
    
  3. Shut down the peer link:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ip link set peerlink down
    
  4. To boot the switch into ONIE, run the onie-install -a -i <image-location> command. The following example command installs the image from a web server. There are additional ways to install the Cumulus Linux image, such as using FTP, a local file, or a USB drive. For more information, see Installing a New Cumulus Linux Image.

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo onie-install -a -i http://10.0.1.251/downloads/cumulus-linux-4.1.0-mlx-amd64.bin
    

    To upgrade the switch with package upgrade instead of booting into ONIE, run the sudo -E apt-get update and sudo -E apt-get upgrade commands; see Package Upgrade.

  5. Reboot the switch:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo reboot
    
  6. If you installed a new image on the switch, restore the configuration files to the new release.

  7. Verify STP convergence across both switches:

    cumulus@switch:~$ mstpctl showall
    
  8. Verify that core uplinks and peer links are UP:

    cumulus@switch:~$ ip addr show
    
  9. Verify MLAG convergence:

    cumulus@switch:~$ clagctl status
    
  10. Make this secondary switch the primary:

    cumulus@switch:~$ clagctl priority 2048
    
  11. Verify the other switch is now in the secondary role.

  12. Repeat steps 2-9 on the new secondary switch.

  13. Remove the priority 2048 and restore the priority back to 32768 on the current primary switch:

    cumulus@switch:~$ clagctl priority 32768
    

Roll Back a Cumulus Linux Installation

Even the most well planned and tested upgrades can result in unforeseen problems and sometimes the best solution is to roll back to the previous state. These main strategies require detailed planning and execution:

  • Flatten and rebuild. If the OS becomes unusable, you can use orchestration tools to reinstall the previous OS release from scratch and then rebuild the configuration automatically.
  • Restore to a previous state using a backup configuration captured before the upgrade.

The method you employ is specific to your deployment strategy. Providing detailed steps for each scenario is outside the scope of this document.

Third Party Packages

If you install any third party applications on a Cumulus Linux switch, configuration data is typically installed in the /etc directory, but it is not guaranteed. It is your responsibility to understand the behavior and configuration file information of any third party packages installed on the switch.

After you upgrade using a full Cumulus Linux image install, you need to reinstall any third party packages or any Cumulus Linux add-on packages.