User Accounts
By default, Cumulus Linux has two user accounts: cumulus and root.
The cumulus account:
- Uses the default password
cumulus
. You must change the default password when you log into Cumulus Linux for the first time. - Is a user account in the sudo group with sudo privileges.
- Can log in to the system through all the usual channels, such as console and SSH.
- Along with the cumulus group, has both show and edit rights for NVUE.
The root account:
- Has the default password disabled by default
- Has the standard Linux root user access to everything on the switch
- The disabled password prevents you from using SSH, telnet, FTP, and so on, to log in to the switch.
You can add additional user accounts as needed. Like the cumulus account, these accounts must use sudo
to execute privileged commands; be sure to include them in the sudo group. For example:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo adduser NEWUSERNAME sudo
To access the switch without a password, you need to boot into a single shell/user mode.
NVUE Command Access
You can control local user account access to NVUE commands by changing the Linux group membership for a user. Use the following groups to set the permissions for local user accounts. To add users to these groups, use the useradd(8)
or usermod(8)
commands:
Group | Permissions |
---|---|
nvshow | Allows show commands only. |
nvset | Allows show commands and staging configuration changes. |
nvapply | Allows show commands, staging and applying configuration changes. |
Enable Remote Access for the root User
The root user does not have a password and cannot log into a switch using SSH. This default account behavior is consistent with Debian. To connect to a switch using the root account, you can do one of the following:
- Generate an SSH key
- Set a password
Generate an SSH Key for the root Account
In a terminal on your host system (not the switch), check to see if a key already exists:
root@host:~# ls -al ~/.ssh/
The name of the key is similar to
id_dsa.pub
,id_rsa.pub
, orid_ecdsa.pub
.If a key does not exist, generate a new one by first creating the RSA key pair:
root@host:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa
- At the prompt, enter a file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa). Press Enter to use the home directory of the root user or provide a different destination.
At the prompt, enter a passphrase (empty for no passphrase). This is optional but it does provide an extra layer of security.
The public key is now located in
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
. The private key (identification) is now located in/root/.ssh/id_rsa
.Copy the public key to the switch. SSH to the switch as the cumulus user, then run:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo mkdir -p /root/.ssh cumulus@switch:~$ echo <SSH public key string> | sudo tee -a /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
Set the root User Password
Run the following command:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo passwd root
Change the
PermitRootLogin
setting in the/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file from without-password to yes.cumulus@switch:~$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config ... # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes ...
Restart the
ssh
service:cumulus@switch:~$ sudo systemctl reload ssh.service