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NVIDIA MLNX-GW User Manual for NVIDIA Skyway Appliance v8.2.2302 LTS

MLNX-GW—Cryptography and Encryption

This page contains commands for configuring, generating, and modifying x.509 certificates used in the system. Certificates are used for creating a trusted SSL connection to the system.

Crypto commands also cover IPSec configuration commands used for establishing a secure connection between hosts over IP layer which is useful for transferring sensitive information.

System File Encryption

This feature encrypts all sensitive data on NVIDIA systems. To activate encryption on the gateway: systems including logs certificates, keys, etc.

Enable encryption and configure key location as USB (if you are using a USB device).

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            gateway (config)# crypto encrypt-data key-location usb key mypassword
 
Warning! All sensitive files are about to be encrypted
- System will perform reset factory, configuration files will be preserved
- System will be rebooted
- Active configuration will be preserved
- Do not power-off, wait for the system to boot
 
Type 'YES' to confirm this action: YES

Warning

Encryption and decryption perform “reset factory keep-config” on the gateway system once configured. This means that sysdumps, logs, and images are deleted.

Note

The key may be saved locally as well by using the parameter “local” instead of “usb” but that configuration is less secure.

After the system reboots, verify configuration.
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```
            
            gateway (config) # show crypto encrypt-data
Sensitive files encryption:
   Status:          enabled
   Key location:    usb
   Cipher:          aes256
        
```
Note

Once encryption is enabled, reverting back to an older version while encrypted is not possible. The command “no crypto encrypt-data” must be run before attempting to downgrade to an older OS version.

Note

If encryption is enabled, upgrading to a new OS version maintains the encryption configuration.

Changing a Certificate in the System

To change the default certificate for the system, to the following:

Import the certificate to be used (e.g., a certificate created by openssl outside the switch).

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            gateway (config) # crypto certificate name <cert_name> public-cert pem "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
> MIIDYzCCAksCCQC9EPbMuxjNBzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBeMQswCQYDVQQGEwJJ
...
> fEt2ui9taB1dl9480xDsGUxwUDX4YOs/bQDjp99z+cKXUe2eYzeEwnTdrCzPZuQo
> -----END CERTIFICATE-----"
Successfully installed certificate with name '<cert_name>'

Or use a new self-signed certificate via switch CLI and export it as a CSR (certificate signing request) and send said CSR to the root CA for signing:

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            gateway (config) # crypto certificate name <cert_name> generate self-signed
Successfully generated certificate with name '<cert_name>'  
 
gateway (config) # show crypto certificate name <cert_name> csr-pem
 
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

Import key of certificate.

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            gateway (config) # crypto certificate name <cert_name> private-key pem "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
> MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAypJnZkwbhmt71Kf/MO6cy7QmWWHhCozzWRwuWGKse+MxSmfC
...
> QAuPOVR1lSyIEnYU+X0rMHc/9tgUh/8C7mBKwj7dccMmnRWz2djsjg==
> -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"

Designate <cert_name> as the global default certificate for authentication of this system to clients.

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            gateway (config) # crypto certificate default-cert name <cert_name>

(Optional) Import the Certificate Authority (CA) certificate which signed for the controller.

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            gateway (config) # crypto certificate name rootCA public-cert pem "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
> MIIDjzCCAnegAwIBAgIJALVou4mcQtxlMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMF4xCzAJBgNV
...
> +ZfQIOCFS8gY4BDq73W4ugr38mqIA8UXXAMPwgjCbk4NyOh0rJ1P6WT8fYzvunct
> -----END CERTIFICATE-----"
Successfully installed certificate with name 'rootCA'

Adds the “rootCA” to the default CA certificate list.

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            gateway (config) # crypto certificate ca-list default-ca-list name rootCA

Save configuration.

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            gateway (config) # configuration write

Verify configuration.

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            gateway (config) # show crypto certificate
Certificate with name 'system-self-signed'
    Comment:                       system-generated self-signed certificate
    Private Key:                   present
    Serial Number:                 0x543e2efc3a5ecdbe18b5b5e744598424
    SHA-1 Fingerprint:             14e1d36035c7a5fea9f7f0f423572c9954cb9fac
 
    Validity:
        Starts:                    2022/09/12 12:44:10
        Expires:                   2023/09/12 12:44:10
 Subject: 
        Common Name:               switch
        Country:                   IS
        State or Province:         TBD
        Locality:                  TBD
        Organization:              TBD
        Organizational Unit:       TBD
        E-mail Address:            TBD
 
    Issuer: 
        Common Name:               switch
        Country:                   IS
        State or Province:         TBD
        Locality:                  TBD
        Organization:              TBD
        Organizational Unit:       TBD
        E-mail Address:            TBD
 
Certificate with name '<cert_name>' (default-cert)
    Private Key:                   present
    Serial Number:                 0xbd10f6ccbb18cd07
    SHA-1 Fingerprint:             1e0e3302182ab56f2cbd3ca21722dec55299d670
 
    Validity:
        Starts:                    2021/09/12 15:16:48
        Expires:                   2023/01/25 14:16:48
 
    Subject: 
        Common Name:               switch
        Country:                   *
        State or Province:         Some-State
        Locality:                  *
        Organization:              NVIDIA
        Organizational Unit:       e2e
        E-mail Address:            none@nowhere.com
 
    Issuer: 
        Common Name:               ca
        Country:                   *
        State or Province:         Some-State
        Locality:                  *
        Organization:              NVIDIA
        Organizational Unit:       e2e
    Certificate with name 'rootCA'
    Private Key:                   not present
    Serial Number:                 0xb568bb899c42dc65
    SHA-1 Fingerprint:             9855536f6ee0177356ffbdc54ffe803bc83fb4c6
    Validity:
        Starts:                    2020/09/08 10:34:23
        Expires:                   2023/06/29 10:34:23
 
    Subject: 
        Common Name:               ca
        Country:                   *
        State or Province:         Some-State
        Locality:                  *
        Organization:              NVIDIA
        Organizational Unit:       e2e
 
    Issuer: 
        Common Name:               ca
        Country:                   *
        State or Province:         Some-State
        Locality:                  *
        Organization:              NVIDIA
        Organizational Unit:       e2e

Cryptographic and Encryption Commands

crypto encrypt-data

	crypto encrypt-data key-location <local> key <password> no crypto encrypt-data Enables and configures system file encryption. The no form of the command decrypts sensitive information on the system.
Syntax Description	key-location	Configures where to store the encryption key: local—stores the key locally
Syntax Description	key	Configures a key
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	N/A
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes	Enabling encryption may slightly slow system performance

crypto ipsec ike

	crypto ipsec ike {clear sa [peer {any \| <IPv4 address>} local <IPv4 address>] \| restart} Manages the IKE (ISAKMP) process or database state.
Syntax Description	clear	Clears IKE (ISAKMP) peering state
	sa	Clears IKE generated ISAKMP and IPSec security associations (remote peers are affected)
	peer	Clears security associations for the specified IKE peer (remote peers are affected). all—clears security associations for all IKE peerings with a specific local address (remote peers are affected) IPv4 address—clears security associations for specific IKE peering with a specific local address (remote peers are affected)
	IPv4 address	Clears security associations for the specified IKE peering (remote peer is affected).
	local	Clear security associations for the specified/all IKE peering (remote peer is affected).
	restart	Restarts the IKE (ISAKMP) daemon (clears all IKE state, peers may be affected).
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config)# crypto ipsec ike restart
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes

crypto ipsec peer local

	crypto ipsec peer <IPv4 address> local <IPv4 address> {enable \| keying {ike [auth {hmac-md5 \| hmac-sha1 \| hmac-sha256 \| null} \| dh-group \| disable \| encrypt \| exchange-mode \| lifetime \| local \| mode \| peer-identity \| pfs-group \| preshared-key \| prompt-preshared-key \| transform-set] \| manual [auth \| disable \| encrypt \| local-spi \| mode \| remote-spi]}} Configures IPSec in the system.
Syntax Description	enable	Enables IPSec peering.
	ike	Configures IPSec peering using IKE ISAKMP to manage SA keys. The following optional parameters are available: auth—configures the authentication algorithm for IPSec peering dh-group—configures the phase1 Diffie-Hellman group proposed for secure IKE key exchange disable—configures this IPSec peering administratively disabled encrypt—configures the encryption algorithm for IPSec peering exchange-mode—configures the IKE key exchange mode to propose for peering lifetime—configures the SA lifetime to propose for this IPSec peering local-identity—configures the ISAKMP payload identification value to send as local endpoint's identity mode—configures the peering mode for this IPSec peering peer-identity—configures the identification value to match against the peer's ISAKMP payload identification pfs-group—configures the phase2 PFS (Perfect Forwarding Secrecy) group to propose for Diffie-Hellman exchange for this IPSec peering preshared-key—configures the IKE pre-shared key for the IPSec peering prompt-preshared-key—prompts for the pre-shared key, rather than entering it on the command line transform-set—configures transform proposal parameters
	keying	Configures key management for this IPSec peering. auth—configures the authentication algorithm for this IPSec peering disable—configures this IPSec peering administratively disabled encrypt—configures the encryption algorithm for this IPSec peering local-spi—configures the local SPI for this manual IPSec peering mode—configures the peering mode for this IPSec peering remote-spi—configures the remote SPI for this manual IPSec peering
	manual	Configures IPSec peering using manual keys.
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config)# crypto ipsec peer 10.10.10.10 local 10.7.34.139 enable
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes

crypto certificate ca-list

	crypto certificate ca-list [default-ca-list name {<cert-name> \| system-self-signed}] no crypto certificate ca-list [default-ca-list name {<cert-name> \| system-self-signed}] Adds the specified CA certificate to the default CA certificate list. The no form of the command removes the certificate from the default CA certificate list.
Syntax Description	cert-name	The name of the certificate.
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config) # crypto certificate default-cert name test
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes	Two certificates with the same subject and issuer fields cannot both be placed onto the CA list The no form of the command does not delete the certificate from the certificate database Unless specified otherwise, applications that use CA certificates will still consult the well-known certificate bundle before looking at the default-ca-list

crypto certificate default-cert

	crypto certificate default-cert name {<cert-name> \| system-self-signed} no crypto certificate default-cert name {<cert-name> \| system-self-signed} Designates the named certificate as the global default certificate role for authentication of this system to clients. The no form of the command reverts the default-cert name to “system-self-signed” (the “cert-name” value is optional and ignored).
Syntax Description	cert-name	The name of the certificate.
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config) # crypto certificate default-cert name test
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes	A certificate must already be defined before it can be configured in the default-cert role If the named default-cert is deleted from the database, the default-cert automatically becomes reconfigured to the factory default, the “system-self-signed” certificate

crypto certificate generation

	crypto certificate generation default {country-code \| days-valid > \| ca-valid <true/false> \| email-addr \| hash-algorithm {sha1 \| sha256} \| key-size-bits \| locality \| org-unit \| organization \| state-or-prov} Configures default values for certificate generation.
Syntax Description	country-code	Configures the default certificate value for country code with a two-alphanumeric-character code or -- for none.
	days-valid	Configures the default certificate valid days. Default value: 365 days
	email-addr	Configures the default certificate value for email address.
	hash-algorithm {sha1 \| sha256}	Configures the default certificate hashing algorithm.
	key-size-bits	Configures the default certificate value for private key size (private key length in bits—at least 1024, but 2048 is strongly recommended).
	locality	Configures the default certificate value for locality.
	org-unit	Configures the default certificate value for organizational unit.
	organization	Configures the default certificate value for the organization name.
	state-or-prov	Configures the default certificate value for state or province.
	ca-valid {true \| false}	Configures the default certificate CA Basic Constraints flag set to TRUE/FALSE.
Default	hash-algorithm – sha1
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config) # crypto certificate generation default hash-algorithm sha256
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes

crypto certificate name

	crypto certificate name {<cert-name> \| system-self-signed} {comment <new comment> \| generate selfsigned [comment <cert-comment> \| common-name <domain> \| country-code <code> \| days-valid <days> \| ca-valid <true/false> \| email-addr <address> \| hash-algorithm {sha1 \| sha256} \| key-size-bits <bits> \| locality <name> \| org-unit <name> \| organization <name> \| serial-num <number> \| state-or-prov <name>]} \| private-key pem <PEM string> \| prompt-private-key \| public-cert [comment <comment string> \| pem <PEM string>] \| regenerate days-valid <days> \| ca-valid <true/false> \| rename <new name>} no crypto certificate name <cert-name> Configures default values for certificate generation. The no form of the command clears/deletes certain certificate settings.
Syntax Description	cert-name	Unique name by which the certificate is identified.
	comment	Specifies a certificate comment.
	generate self-signed	Generates certificates. This option has the following parameters which may be entered sequentially in any order: comment—specifies a certificate comment (free string) common-name—specifies the common name of the issuer and subject (e.g. a domain name) country-code—specifies the country codwo-alphanumeric-character country code, or “--” for none) days-valid—specifies the number of days the certificate is valid email-addr— s pecifies the email address hash-algorithm—specifies the hashing function used for signature algorithm. Default value is SHA256. key-size-bits—specifies the size of the private key in bits (private key length in bits - at least 1024 but 2048 is strongly recommended) locality—specifies the locality name org-unit—specifies the organizational unit name organization—specifies the organization name serial-num—specifies the serial number for the certificate (a lower-case hexadecimal serial number prefixed with “0x”) state-or-prov—specifies the state or province name ca-valid—Specifies certificate CA Basic Constraints flag set to TRUE/FALSE
	private-key pem	Specifies certificate contents in PEM format.
	prompt-private-key	Prompts for certificate private key with secure echo.
	public-cert	Installs a certificate.
	regenerate	Regenerates the named certificate using configured certificate generation default values for the specified validity period.
	rename	Renames the certificate
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config) # crypto certificate name system-self-signed generate self-signed hash-algorithm sha256
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes

crypto certificate system-self-signed

	crypto certificate system-self-signed regenerate {[days-valid <days>] \| ca-valid <true/false>} Configures default values for certificate generation.
Syntax Description	days-valid	Specifies the number of days the certificate is valid.
Syntax Description	ca-valid	Specifies certificate CA Basic Constraints flag set to TRUE/FALSE.
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config) # crypto certificate system-self-signed regenerate days-valid 3 gateway (config) # crypto certificate system-self-signed regenerate ca-valid false
Related Commands	show crypto certificate
Notes

show crypto certificate

	show crypto certificate [detail \| public-pem \| default-cert [detail \| public-pem] \| [name <cert-name> [detail \| public-pem] \| ca-list [default-ca-list]] Displays information about all certificates in the certificate database.
Syntax Description	ca-list	Displays the list of supplemental certificates configured for the global default system CA certificate role.
	default-ca-list	Displays information about the currently configured default certificates of the CA list
	default-cert	Displays information about the currently configured default certificate.
	detail	Displays all attributes related to the certificate.
	name	Displays information about the certificate specified.
	public-pem	Displays the uninterpreted public certificate as a PEM formatted data string.
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example
gateway (config) # show crypto certificate Certificate with name 'system-self-signed' (default-cert) Comment: system-generated self-signed certificate Private Key: present Serial Number: 0x546c935511bcafc21ac0e8249fbe0844 SHA-1 Fingerprint: fe6df38dd26801971cb2d44f62dbe492b6063c5f Validity: Starts: 2012/12/02 13:45:05 Expires: 2013/12/02 13:45:05 Subject: Common Name: IBM-DEV-Bay4 Country: IS State or Province: Locality: Organization: Organizational Unit: E-mail Address: Issuer: Common Name: IBM-DEV-Bay4 Country: IS State or Province: Locality: Organization: Organizational Unit: E-mail Address: X509 Extensions: Basic Constraints: CA: TRUE
Related Commands
Notes

show crypto encrypt-data

	show encrypt-data Displays sensitive data encryption information.
Syntax Description	N/A
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config)# show crypto encrypt-data Sensitive files encryption: Status: enabled Key location: usb Cipher: aes256
Related Commands
Notes

show crypto ipsec

	show crypto ipsec [brief \| configured \| ike \| policy \| sa] Displays information ipsec configuration.
Syntax Description	N/A
Default	N/A
Configuration Mode	config
History	8.0.0100
Example	gateway (config)# show crypto ipsec IPSec Summary ------------- Crypto IKE is using pluto (Openswan) daemon. Daemon process state is stopped. No IPSec peers configured. IPSec IKE Peering State ----------------------- Crypto IKE is using pluto (Openswan) daemon. Daemon process state is stopped. No active IPSec IKE peers. IPSec Policy State ------------------ No active IPSec policies. IPSec Security Association State -------------------------------- No active IPSec security associations.
Related Commands
Notes

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