cuPHY Features Overview
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cuPHY Features Overview

This section provides an overview of supported features in cuPHY.

Supported Features

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Layer 1

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN adheres to 3GPP Release 15 standard specifications to deliver the necessary Layer 1 capabilities for a gNB.

3GPP Release 15

Aerail cuPHY adheres to 3GPP Release 15 standard specifications to deliver the following capabilities for gNB Layer 1.

Overall PHY capabilities include:

  • Error detection on the transport channel and indication to higher layers

  • FEC encoding/decoding of the transport channel

  • Hybrid ARQ soft-combining

  • Rate matching of the coded transport channel to physical channels

  • Mapping of the coded transport channel onto physical channels

  • Power weighting of physical channels

  • Modulation and demodulation of physical channels including:

    • Frequency and time synchronization

    • Radio characteristics measurements and indication to higher layers

    • Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna processing

    • Transmit Diversity (TX diversity)

    • Digital and Analog Beamforming

    • RF processing

PHY FH Interface

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN PHY Overall Capabilities

Features

Configuration

Supported
Standard support 3GPP 5G NR Rel 15 P
Duplexing Mode TDD Y
Nawrrow Bandwidth (MHz) 30MHz, 40 MHz, 50MHz, 80 MHz P
Channel Bandwidth (MHz) 100 MHz Y
Subcarrier Spacing (kHz) 30khz Y
Maximum Number of Subcarriers (Max number of RBs x Num of Subcarriers per RB) = 273 x 12 3276 Y
Downlink Waveform CP-OFDM Y
Uplink Waveform CP-OFDM Y
DFT-s-OFDM (for data and control) Y
Configurable to DFT-s-OFDM (for data & Control) Y
Number of Downlink SU-MIMO layers Up to 4 Y
Number of Uplink SU-MIMO layers 1, 2 Y
Number of Tx physical antennas 1 N
2 Y
4 Y
8 N
32 Y
64 Y
Number of Rx physical antennas 1 N
2 Y
4 Y
8 N
32 Y
64 Y
Slot format DDDSUUDDDD S = 6:4:4 (DL: G: UL) Y
Carrier Aggregation Configurable component carriers Y
Configurable BW Parts Up to 4 Y
BBU-RRU split option 7.1 Y
7.2 Y
8 N
Maximum Downlink throughput per user (Mbps) 4T4R configuration 1870 Y
Maximum Uplink throughput per user (Mbps) 4T4R configuration 467 Y

TS 38.211 Numerologies, Physical Resources, Modulation, Sequence, Signal Generation

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN PHY Numerologies

Feature Configuration Supported
Numerologies：Normal CP μ=0：SCS=15kHz, 14symbol/slot, 10slot/frame, 1slot/subframe, Normal CP N
μ=1：SCS=30kHz, 14symbol/slot, 20slot/frame, 2slot/subframe, Normal CP Y
μ=2：SCS=60kHz, 14symbol/slot, 40slot/frame, 4slot/subframe, Normal CP N
μ=3：SCS=120kHz, 14symbol/slot, 80slot/frame, 8slot/subframe, Normal CP N
μ=4：SCS=240kHz, 14symbol/slot, 160slot/frame, 16slot/subframe, Normal CP N
Numerologies：Extended CP μ=2：SCS=60kHz, 12symbol/slot, 40slot/frame, 4slot/subframe, Extended CP N

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall PHY Physical Resources

Feature Supported
Antenna Ports Y
Resource Grid Y
Resource Elements Y
Resource Block Y
Resource Block - Common Resource Block(CRB) Y
Resource Block - Physical Resource Block(PRB) Y
Resource Block - Virtual Resource Block (VRB) Y
Bandwidth Part (BWP) Dynamically adapt the carrier bandwidth and numerology in which a UE operates A bandwidth part is a subset of contiguous common resource blocks for a given numerology μi in bandwidth part i on a given carrier. A UE can be configured with up to four bandwidth parts in UL and DL Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN PHY Physical Resources – BWP

Feature Supported
Bandwidth Part (BWP) Dynamically adapt the carrier bandwidth and numerology in which a UE operates A bandwidth part is a subset of contiguous common resource blocks for a given numerology μi in bandwidth part i on a given carrier A UE can be configured with up to four bandwidth parts in both UL and DL Y
Default Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN startup configuration to not use BWP, can be enabled to support BWP on a per carrier basis (while cell OOS) N
Default Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN startup configuration to not use BWP, can be enabled to support BWP on a per carrier basis at startup N

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Carrier Aggregation

Feature Description Supported (emulated)
Carrier Aggregation Transmissions in multiple cells can be aggregated to support inter-band and intra-band configurations Y
100MHz Up to 2 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC) Y
Up to 4 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC,3CC, 4CC) Y
Narrowband Carrier Aggregation (ZMhz) Configurable upto 4 component carriers Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN PHY Modulation Mapper

Modulation Scheme Supported
Pi/2 BPSK Y
BPSK Y
QPSK Y
16QAM Y
64QAM Y
256QAM Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN PHY Sequence Generation

Feature Description Supported
Sequence Generation Pseudo-random sequence generation Generic pseudo-random sequences are defined by a length-31 Gold sequence Y
Low-PAPR sequence generation type 1 Y
Low-PAPR sequence generation type 2 Y

OFDM Baseband Signal Generation (UL DFT-S-OFDM)

Feature Configuration Supported
Signal generation for all channels except PRACH & RIM-RS RU support expected
PRACH RU support expected
RIM-RS RU support expected
Uplink waveform Support concurrent UE configuration to use CP-OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM on same cell. DFT-S-OFDM for UL. Some specific parameters:
  • Support for PUSCH and for PUCCH format 3
  • Support 0.5 pi-BPSK for Modulation
  • Support DMRS group hopping
  • Support DMRS sequence hopping
 Y

TS 38.211 Channels

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Physical Overall Channels and Reference Signals

Category L1 requirement Supported
Downlink Channels (TX ) PDSCH processing Y
PDCCH processing Y
PBCH processing Y
Downlink signals (TX ) DMRS for PDSCH Y
DMRS for PDCCH Y
DMRS for PBCH Y
PSS, SSS Y
CSI-RS, TRS Y
PT-RS N
Downlink Physical Resources Antenna ports starting with 1000 for PDSCH Y
Antenna ports starting with 2000 for PDCCH Y
Antenna ports starting with 3000 for channel-state information reference signals Y
Antenna ports starting with 4000 for SS/PBCH block transmission Y
Uplink Channels (RX ) PUSCH processing Y
PUCCH processing Y
PRACH processing Y
Uplink signals (RX) DMRS for PUSCH Y
DMRS for PUCCH Y
SRS Y
PT-RS N
Uplink physical Resources Antenna ports starting with 0 for PUSCH and associated demodulation reference signals Y
Antenna ports starting with 1000 for SRS Y
Antenna ports starting with 2000 for PUCCH Y
Antenna port 4000 for PRACH Y

Features

Configuration

Supported
Number of codewords 1 Y
Scrambling Y
Modulation schemes Pi/2-BPSK Y
QPSK Y
16 QAM Y
64 QAM Y
256 QAM Y
PUSCH transform precoding mode Disable Y
Enable Y
Precoding Implemented in UE for UL Y
HARQ process Number of HARQ process = 1 Y
HARQ process Maximum number of HARQ process is 16 Y
Mapping to virtual resource blocks Y
VRB to PRB mapping Type Non-interleaved Y
Interleaved N
Transmission Mode SU-MIMO up to 4 layers Y
MU-MIMO 2 up to 4 layers Y
MU-MIMO up to 8 layers P
PUSCH DMRS CDM group without data PUSCH DMRS CDM group without data 1 Y
PUSCH DMRS CDM group without data 2 Y
PUSCH users per TTI 16 Y
Uplink algorithm UL HARQ control Y
UL Channel Estimation LS Y
MRC, MMSE for equalizer Y
IRC, MMSE for equalizer Y
Frequency Offset Correction Y
Rate Matching I_LBRM = 1 (Limited Buffer Rate Matching) Y
I_LBRM = 0 (Limited Buffer Rate Matching) Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Channel - PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel

Format

Configuration

Supported
Format 0 Y
1 Y
2 Y
3 Y
4 N
UCI sched coding, AFC, DFT (Format 1) N
Modulation schemes Pi/2-BPSK, BPSK, QPSK Y
Scheduling Request SR Support needed Y
Group hopping neither Y
disable Y
enable Y
Sequence cyclic shift Zadoff-Chu sequence Y
Intra-slot Frequency hopping/second hop PRB Support Y
Inter-slot Frequency hopping/second hop PRB Support Y
PUCCH over multiple slots Number of slots - 2,4,8 N
Frequency Offset Correction PUCCH format 1, 3 N
Multi-UE support 24 UEs / TTI Y
PUCCH UCI HARQ-ACK Polar codeblock CB size < 359, liftsize = 8 Y

1-Capabilities-TSx211-6-3-3] Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Channel - PRACH(PHY Random Access Channel)

Feature

Configuration

Supported
Format A1 N
A2 N
A3 N
B1 N
B2 N
B3 N
B4 Y
C0 N
C2 N
0 N
1 N
2 N
3 N
Subcarrier Spacing (kHz) 1.25 N
5 N
15 N
30 Y
Sequence cyclic shift Zadoff-Chu sequence Y
Preamble length 839 N
139 Y
Number of PRACH occasions per TTI 4 FDM Y
Contention based Random Access Configurable non-contention based Random Access N

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall PHY - UL Reference Signals

Configuration

Supported
PUSCH
PUSCH DMRS sequence generation when transform precoding is disabled Y
PUSCH DMRS sequence generation when transform precoding is enabled Neither group, nor sequence hopping is enabled Y
Group hopping is enabled and sequence hopping is disabled Y
Sequence hopping is enabled and group hopping is disabled Y
Demodulation reference signal for PUSCH Mapping to physical resources DM-RS configuration type 1 Y
DM-RS configuration type 2 N
UL-DMRS-max-len=1 Y
UL-DMRS-max-len=2 Y
UL-DMRS-add-pos=0 Y
UL-DMRS-add-pos=1 Y
UL-DMRS-add-pos=2 Y
UL-DMRS-add-pos=3 Y
Phase-tracking reference signals for PUSCH Sequence generation transform precoding is not enabled N
transform precoding is enabled N
Phase-tracking reference signals for PUSCH Mapping to physical resources transform precoding is disabled N
transform precoding is enabled N
PUCCH
Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH format 1 no intra-slot frequency hopping Y
intra-slot frequency hopping enabled Y
Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH format 2 Y
Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH format 3 Format 4 not supported No additional DM-RS, No hopping Y
No Additional DM-RS, hopping Y
Additional DM-RS, No hopping Y
Additional DM-RS, hopping Y
SRS
Sounding reference signal resource Antenna ports=1, 1OFDM symbols Y
Antenna ports=1, 2OFDM symbols Y
Antenna ports=1, 4OFDM symbols Y
Antenna ports=2, 1OFDM symbpls Y
Antenna ports=2, 2OFDM symbols Y
Antenna ports=2, 4OFDM symbols Y
Antenna ports=4, 1OFDM symbpls Y
Antenna ports=4, 2OFDM symbols Y
Antenna ports=4, 4OFDM symbols Y
Sounding reference signal Sequence generation KTC=2 Y
KTC=4 Y
KTC=8 Y
Sounding reference signal Mapping to physical resources CSRS=0~63 Y
Sounding reference signal slot configuration Indicated by higher layer parameter SRS-Config Y
PTRS
PTRS Support Support N

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Channel - PDSCH(PHY DL Shared Channel)

Feature

Configuration

Supported
Scrambling Y
Modulation schemes QPSK Y
16 QAM Y
64 QAM Y
256 QAM Y
Transmission Mode 4T4R SU-MIMO up to 4 layers Y
32T32R SU-MIMO up to 8 layers P
64T64R SU-MIMO up to 16 layers P
Number of codewords 1 Y
2 N
Number of antenna ports 1000 - 1011 Y
Number of physical antennas 4 Y
32 P
64 P
Beam Forming weights computation BF m2 N
Precoding non-codebook Y
pre-coding weight N
Type I Single-Panel Codebook N
Type I Multi-Panel Codebook N
Type II Codebook N
Type II Port Selection Codebook N
PDSCH mapping type Type A Y
Type B Y
Resource allocation type Type 0 Y
Type 1 Y
VRB to PRB mapping Type Non-interleaved Y
Interleaved N
PDSCH DMRS CDM groups without data 1 Y
2 Y
3 N/A
Number PDSCH users per TTI 16 Y
Power Control PDSCH Y
DMRS - PDSCH Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Channel - PDCCH (Physical DL Control Channel)

Feature

Configuration

Supported
Scrambling Up to 2 codewords N
CORESET Normal Y
RMSI CORESET Y
SSB - RMSI CORESET multiplexing pattern Pattern 1 Y
Aggregation Level 1 Y
2 Y
4 Y
8 Y
16 Y
Modulation schemes QPSK Y
Layer mapping Supported Y
Antenna port mapping Supported Y
Mapping to virtual resource blocks Supported Y
Mapping from virtual to physical resource blocks Non-interleaved VRB-to-PRB mapping Y
Polar code Block length up to 128 bits Y
DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) m-sequence Y
CCE To REG Mapping Type Non-interleaved Y
Interleaved Y
Number OFDM symbol of CORESET 1 Y
2 Y
3 Y
Power Control PDCCH Y
DMRS-PDCCH Y
DCI format 0_0 NA
0_1 NA
1_0 NA
1_1 NA
2_x NA
Precoding Precoding Matrix Idx based precoding in the DU Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Channel - PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)

Configuration

cuBB Tested
Precoding Y
Scrambling SS/PBCH block index Lmax=4 N
SS/PBCH block index Lmax=8 N
SS/PBCH block index Lmax=64 N
Modulation schemes QPSK Y
Mapping to Physical Resources Y
DMRS Support Support Y
DMRS config type Type 1 Y
Type 2 N
DMRS type A Pos Pos2 Y
Pos3 Y
DMRS max length 1 Y
2 Y
DMRS Additional Position Pos0 Y
Pos1 Y
Pos2 Y
Pos3 Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall - PHY DL Reference Signals

Feature

Configuration

Supported
PDSCH
Demodulation reference signals for PDSCH Sequence generation Y
Demodulation reference signals for PDSCH Mapping to physical resources DM-RS configuration type 1 Y
DM-RS configuration type 2 N
DL-DMRS-max-len=1 Y
DL-DMRS-max-len=2 Y
DL-DMRS-add-pos=0 Y
DL-DMRS-add-pos=1 Y
DL-DMRS-add-pos=2 Y
DL-DMRS-add-pos=3 Y
Phase-tracking reference signals (PTRS) for PDSCH Mapping to physical resources LPT-RS=1 N
LPT-RS=2 N
LPT-RS=4 N
PDCCH
Demodulation reference signals for PDCCH Sequence generation Y
Demodulation reference signals for PDCCH Mapping to physical resources Y
PBCH
Demodulation reference signals for PBCH Sequence generation Y
Demodulation reference signals for PBCH Mapping to physical resources Y
CSI reference signals
CSI reference signals Zero-power Y
non-zero-power Y
CSI reference signals Sequence generation nID equals the higher-layer parameter ScramblingID Y
CSI reference signals Mapping to physical resources Row 1: 1 port, Density = 3, CDMtype = No CDM Y
Row 2: 1 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = No CDM Y
Row 3: 2 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 Y
Row 4: 4 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 Y
Row 5: 4 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 Y
Row 6: 8 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 Y
Row 7: 8 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 Y
Row 8: 8 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = CDM4 (FD2, TD2) Y
Row 9: 12 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 N
Row 10: 12 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = CDM4 (FD2, TD2) N
Row 11: 16 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 N
Row 12: 16 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM4 (FD2, TD2) N
Row 13: 24 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 N
Row 14: 24 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM4(FD2, TD2) N
Row 15: 24 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM8(FD2, TD4) N
Row 16: 32 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2 N
Row 17: 32 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM4(FD2, TD2) N
Row 18: 32 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM8(FD2, TD4) N
RIM
RIM reference signal General The first RIM-RS type can be used to convey information N
The second RIM-RS type depends on configuration only N
RIM reference signal Sequence generation N
RIM reference signal Mapping to physical resources N
RIM reference signal RIM-RS configuration Enough Indication is disabled N
Enough Indication is enabled N
Positioning Reference
Positioning reference signal Sequence generation N
Positioning reference signal Mapping to physical resources LPRS = 2, Kcomb = 2 N
LPRS = 4, Kcomb = 2 N
LPRS = 6, Kcomb = 2 N
LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 2 N
LPRS = 4, Kcomb = 4 N
LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 4 N
LPRS = 6, Kcomb = 6 N
LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 6 N
LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 12 N
Synchronization signals
SSB numerology 30 kHz Y
SSB precoding supported Y
SSB burst set configuration 2 SS blocks w/ single SSB burst set Y
Synchronization signal generation PSS generation and mapping to physical resources Y
SSS generation and mapping to physical resources Y
SS/PBCH block Mapping of PSS within an SS/PBCH block Y
Mapping of SSS within an SS/PBCH block Y
Mapping of PBCH and DM-RS within an SS/PBCH block Y
Time-frequency structure and time location of an SS/PBCH block Y

TS 38.212 Multiplexing and Channel Coding

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Multiplexing and Channel Coding

Feature Configuration Supported
General Procedures CRC calculation All CRC len supported (6, 11, 16, 24) Y
Code block segmentation and code block CRC attachment
  • Polar coding
  • Low density parity check coding
 Y
Transport to physical channel mapping - UL UL-SCH -> PUSCH Y
RACH -> PRACH Y
UCI -> PUCCH,PUSCH Y
Transport to physical channel mapping - DL DL-SCH -> PDSCH Y
BCH -> PBCH Y
PCH -> PDSCH Y
DCI -> PDCCH Y
Channel coding schemes Polar coding Y
Low density parity check coding (LDPC) Y
Channel coding of small block lengths Y
Rate matching Rate matching for Polar code Y
Rate matching for LDPC code Y
Rate matching for channel coding of small block lengths Y
Code block concatenation sequentially concatenating the rate matching outputs for the different code blocks
  • LDPC
  • Polar Coding
 Y
uplink transport channels and control information Random access channel Y
Uplink shared channel
  • LDPC graph selection
  • Rate Matching
  • Code block concatenation
  • Data & Control Mulitiplexing
 Y
Uplink control information
  • Uplink control information on PUCCH
  • Uplink control information on PUSCH
 Y
downlink transport channels and control information Broadcast channel Y
Downlink shared channel and paging channel Y
Downlink control information
  • DCI formats
  • CRC attachment
  • Channel coding
 Y
UCI multiplexing on PUCCH support muxing mode as per 38.212 - 6.3.1.1 Y

TS 38.213 Physical Layer Procedures for Control

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall - PHY Control Procedures

UE procedures (Not applicable to base station)

Category L1 requirement Supported
Synchronization procedures Cell search NA
Transmission timing adjustments NA
Timing for secondary cell activation / deactivation NA
Radio link monitoring SSB based NA
CSI-RS based NA
Link recovery procedures radio link failure NA
beam failure recovery NA
Uplink power control Physical uplink shared channel NA
Physical uplink control channel NA
Sounding reference signal NA
Physical random access channel NA
Power ramping counter suspention NA
Dual connectivity NA
Power headroom report NA

PHY RACH

Category L1 requirement Supported
Type-1 random access procedure Y
Type-2 random access procedure N

UE procedures (Not applicable to base station)

Category L1 requirement Supported
HARQ-ACK codebook determination CBG-based HARQ-ACK codebook determination NA
Type-1 HARQ-ACK codebook determination in physical uplink control channel NA
Type-1 HARQ-ACK codebook determination in physical uplink shared channel NA
Type-2 HARQ-ACK codebook determination in physical uplink control channel NA
Type-2 HARQ-ACK codebook determination in physical uplink shared channel NA
Type-3 HARQ-ACK codebook determination NA

UCI reporting on PUSCH

Category L1 Requirement Supported
Short block codes for UCI Input: 1 - 11 bits output 32 bits Y
Multiplexing of coded UCI bits to PUSCH CSI part 1, support maximum 48 bit Y
CSI part 1 and CSI part 2, support maximum 48 bit Y
Decoding UCI on PUSCH with PUSCH data (UCI-ON-PUSCH scaling) 0.5/0.65/0.8/1 N
Decoding UCI on PUSCH without PUSCH data (UCI-ON-PUSCH scaling) 0.5/0.65/0.8/1 N
HARQ information length maximum 128 Y
Semi-static offset N
Dynamic offset N

UCI Reporting on PUCCH

Category L1 Requirement Supported
UCI reporting on PUCCH PUCCH Resource Sets before RRC connection establishment N
PUCCH Resource Sets for RRC connected UE N
UE procedure for reporting multiple UCI types N
PUCCH repetition procedure N

UE Procedures (Not applicable to base station)

Category L1 Requirement Supported
UE procedure for determining physical downlink control channel assignment Type0-PDCCH common search space NA
Type0A-PDCCH common search space NA
Type1-PDCCH common search space NA
Type2-PDCCH common search space NA
Type3-PDCCH common search space NA
UE-specific search space NA

UE Procedure for Receiving Control Information

Category L1 Requirement Supported
PDCCH validation for DL SPS and UL grant Type 2 NA
PDCCH validation for DL SPS and UL grant Type 2 NA
PDCCH monitoring indication and dormancy/non-dormancy behaviour for SCells NA
Search space set group switching NA
HARQ-ACK information for PUSCH transmissions NA

UE-Group Common Signaling

Category L1 Requirement Supported
UE-group common signalling Slot configuration N
UE procedure for determining slot format N
Interrupted transmission indication N
Cancellation indication N
Group TPC commands for PUCCH/PUSCH N
SRS switching N

Bandwidth Part Operation

Category L1 Requirement Supported
BWP Configurable upto 4 Y
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {15, 15} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {15, 15} kHz for frequency bands operated with shared spectrum channel access N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {15, 30} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 15} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 30} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 30} kHz for frequency bands operated with shared spectrum channel access N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 15} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 40MHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 30} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 40MHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {120, 60} kHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {120, 120} kHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {240, 60} kHz N
Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {240, 120} kHz N
Parameters for PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 1 and FR1 N
Parameters for PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 1 and FR2 N
PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 2 and {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS {120, 60} kHz N
PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block andCORESET Multiplexing pattern 2 and {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS {240, 120} kHz N
PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 3 and {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS {120, 120} kHz N
Integrated access-backhaul operation N
Dual active protocol stack based handover N

TS 38.214 Physical Layer Procedures for Data

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall PHY Data Procedures

Category L1 Requirement Supported
UL PUSCH Procedures
Transmission Scheme Codebook-based Y
Non-codebook-based Y
Resource allocation Type 0 Y
Type 1 Y
Modulation order, redundancy version and transport block size determination Y
Code block group based PUSCH transmission N
MCS Table Table64QAM Y
Table256QAM Y
Table64QAMLowSE Y
PUSCH mapping type Type A Y
Type B Y
CBG retranmission bitmap Enable N
Disable Y

FH Interfaces

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall 4T4R L1 - L2 Layer Interface Based on SCF FAPI

Feature Configuration (10.02) Supported (Emulated)
SCF control interface must support the following messages
Config.request 4T4R Y
Config.response 4T4R Y
Start.request 4T4R Y
Stop.request 4T4R Y
Stop.indication 4T4R Y
Error.indication 4T4R Y
Param.request (cap query) 4T4R Y
Param.response 4T4R Y
SCF data interface includes the following messages
DL_TTI.request 4T4R Y
UL_TTI.request 4T4R Y
UL_DCI.request 4T4R Y
SLOT errors 4T4R Y
TX_Data.request 4T4R Y
Rx_Data.indication 4T4R Y
CRC.indication 4T4R Y
UCI.indication 4T4R Y
SRS.indication 4T4R Y
RACH.indication 4T4R Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall PHY FH Interface

Feature Description Supported
IOT Profiles Simultaneous support of TDD profile(s) and TDD pattern on single GPU
  • NR TDD IOT Profile 1: NR-TDD-FR1-CAT-A-NoBF
  • NR TDD IOT Profile 2: NR-TDD-FR1-CAT-A-DBF
 Y
O-RAN CUS plane features with fronthaul 7.2-x split: [10][11] Simultanous O-RU category support on same GPU/DU
  • CAT-A (precoding supported for PDCSH)
  • CAT-B
 Y
Beamforming
  • Predefined beamID based beamforming
 Y
IQ compression & bit-width Simultaneous support for
  • Static-bit-width Fixed point IQ (14 bit)
  • BFP IQ Compression (9 bit)
 Y
O-DU timing
  • Defined transport delay method
 Y
Synchronization
  • G8275.1 (full timing support)
  • LLS-C3 with PTP + SyncE
 Y
Transport features
  • eCPRI
  • Application layer fragmentation
  • QoS over fronthaul
 Y
Section types
  • Section Type 1 (DL/UL channels)
  • Section Type 3 (PRACH)
  • Multiple sections within a single C-plane message
 Y
Digital power scaling
  • UL gain correction
  • DL reference level adjustment
 Y
Rx window monitoring, Counters like
  • Data received too early
  • Data received too late
  • Data received on-time
 Y
Scale Support for upto 8 peak - 16 avg 100Mhz carriers Y

Measurements

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall PHY Measurements 4T4R

Measurements

Cfg Supported

Supported cuBB Tested
PUSCH measurements
RSS 4T4R Y
RSRP 4T4R Y
Pn+I pre-eq (Noise+Interference power) 4T4R Y
Pn+I post-eq (Noise+Interference power) 4T4R Y
SINR pre-eq 4T4R Y
SINR post-eq 4T4R Y
Timing Advance 4T4R Y
PUCCH measurements
PUCCH Format 0 4T4R Y
PF0 RSS 4T4R Y
PF0 RSRP 4T4R Y
PF0 Pn+i 4T4R Y
PF0 timing advance 4T4R Y
PUCCH Format 1 4T4R Y
PF1 RSS 4T4R Y
PF1 RSRP 4T4R Y
PF1 Pn+i 4T4R Y
PF1 timing advance 4T4R Y
PUCCH Format 2 4T4R Y
PF2 RSS 4T4R Y
PF2 RSRP 4T4R Y
PF2 Pn+i 4T4R Y
PF2 timing advance 4T4R Y
PUCCH Format 3 4T4R Y
PF3 RSS 4T4R Y
PF3 RSRP 4T4R Y
PF3 Pn+i 4T4R Y
PF3 timing advance 4T4R Y
PUCCH Format 4 4T4R N
PF4 RSS 4T4R N
PF4 RSRP 4T4R N
PF4 Pn+i 4T4R N
PF4 timing advance 4T4R N
PRACH measurements
Pn+i (Noise+Interference power) 4T4R Y
Preamble signal strength 4T4R Y
SRS measurements
SNR 4T4R Y
Received signal strength 4T4R Y
Timing advance 4T4R Y
All channels measurements
Both pre-equalization and post-equalization across all channels should be configurable and supported 4T4R N

TS 38.104 (base station radio Tx and Rx) Base Station (BS) Radio Transmission and Reception

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall PHY Performance Conformance

Feature Configuration Supported
PUSCH
PUSCH with transform precoding disabled 4T4R Y
PUSCH with transform precoding enabled 4T4R Y
UCI multiplexed on PUSCH 4T4R Y
PUCCH
DTX to ACK probability 4T4R N
Performance requirements for PUCCH format 0 4T4R N
Performance requirements for PUCCH format 1 4T4R N
Performance requirements for PUCCH format 2 4T4R N
Performance requirements for PUCCH format 3 4T4R N
Performance requirements for PUCCH format 4 4T4R N
Performance requirements for multi-slot PUCCH 4T4R N
PRACH
Performance requirements for PRACH PRACH False alarm probability N
PRACH detection requirements N

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Features for 5G gNB

The 5G gNB capabilities, procedures, and interfaces have dependencies on Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN PHY Layer. The purpose of this section is to ensure that the Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN provides support for gNB capabilities, procedures, and interfaces.

Highlights

  • PUCCH Format 1 I+N and SINR, DTX for UCI on PUSCH

  • Predefined BeamId support

  • Foxconn O-RU support

  • Cell life cycle management

  • 4T4R TDD 7 beam support

  • 8-port CSI-RS

  • Dynamic OAM supporting out-of-service updates:

    1. Dest MAC and VLAN ID

    2. exponent_dl

    3. dl_iq_data_fmt

    4. ul_iq_data_fmt

    5. exponent_ul

    6. max_amp_ul

    7. section_3_time_offset

    8. pusch_prb_stride

    9. prach_prb_stride

    10. fh_len_range

    11. lower_guard_bw

    12. gps_alpha (Shared across cells)

    13. gps_beta (Shared across cells)

    14. prachRootSequenceIndex

    15. prachZeroCorrConf

    16. numPrachFdOccasions

    17. restrictedSetConfig

    18. prachConfigIndex

    19. K1

  • Fronthaul Extension to 50km

  • Simultaneous fronthaul ports for higher fronthaul bandwidth

  • Multiple BandWidth Part (BWP) support

  • 4T4R TDD bandwidth 10MHz, 30MHz, 40MHz, 50MHz and 80MHz

  • Carrier aggregation:

    1. 100MHz + 80MHz

    2. 100MHz + 40MHz

    3. 80MHz + 40MHz

    4. 100MHz + 80MHz + 40MHz

  • L1 startup time within 30sec

  • Support for multiple L2 on a single converged card

  • Cell-Id starts from 0 for all pods

Capabilities

Homogeneous Cell Lifecycle Mgmt - Cell State Mgmt (IS/OOS)

Feature Supported
Ability to support cell activation and de-activation. This is commonly refered to as taking a carrier OOS (Out of Service) and bringing it to IS (In Service) states Y

Procedures

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Beam and Carrier Mobility

Feature Configuration Supported
Inter-gNB Handover UE moves from 1 gNB to another gNB
  • UL RRC transfer
  • UE Context Modification Request/Response
  • UE Context Release
  • Serving and Target gNB cells can support different frequencies
 N
Intra-DU Handover Cell-level Mobility - UE establishes new connection to new carrier (inter-cell) supported by UE context modification procedure
  • UE Context Modification Request/Response
  • UE Context Release
  • Serving and Target Cells can support different frequencies
 N
Beam Mobility UE establishes data path to new beam within carrier coverage (intra-cell) N
Mobility at low speeds Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN shall support pedestrian mobility by modeling the 3GPP channels and 38.104 requirements N
Mobility at vehicular speeds Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN shall support mobility at high vehicular speeds - upto 70mph (Doppler Shift = 400Hz) N

UL Power Control

Feature Description Supported
Single UE Power Control BS initiated power control for single UEs Y
UE Group Power Control BS initiated power control for UE groups Y

Carrier Aggregation

Feature Description Supported
Carrier Aggregation Transmissions in multiple cells can be aggregated to support inter-band and intra-band configurations Y
100MHz Up to 2 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC) intra-band contiguous Y
Up to 2 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC) intra-band non-contiguous Y
Up to 4 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC,3CC,4CC) inter-band non contiguous Y
Narrowband Carrier Aggregation (ZMhz) Configurable upto 4 component carriers Y

Interfaces

gNB Interfaces

Interface Supported
NG Interface (TS 38.410) Y
Xn interface (TS 38.420) N
F1 interface (TS 38.470) N
E1 interface (TS 38.460) N
Front Haul interface - ORAN 7.2 Split (CUS version 3) Y
E2 interface N
O1 interface N

Network, Services, and KPIs

This section includes E2E integration configuration and KPIs for appropriate NEs across 5G RAN, CN, and 5G infrastructure.

Highlights

  • 4 Peak Cells validated in K1RF and eCPRI setup. 8 Average cells (50% traffic) also validated in eCPRI setup

  • 4 DL Layers and 2 UL Layers supported in 4T4R configuration

  • 6 UE/TTI Supported

  • Simultaneous Front Haul capability. Multi L2 also validated with each L2 supporting different cells.

  • 1 Cell OTA verified

E2E Summary

  • 8 Cells in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + UE-EM) via eCPRI connection to test equipment

    (Achieving aggregate DL throughput of 4.2Gbps which is 530MBps per cell)
  • 4 Peak Cells in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + UE-EM) via RF cabled connection to O-RU

    (Achieving aggregate DL throughput of 5.6Gbps and UL throughput of 800Mbps)
  • 3 Peak Cell in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + UE-EM) via eCPRI connection to test equipment

    (Achieving aggreagte DL throughput of 4.2Gbps)
  • 1 Peak Cell in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + UE-EM) via RF cable connection to O-RU

    (Achieving DL throughput of 1.3Gbps and UL throughput of 100Mbps)
  • Simultaneous Front Haul capability ( 8 peak cells)

    (4 Peak cells per Front Haul port)
  • 1 Cell OTA in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + CUE) via OTA connection to UE device

    (Achieving DL throughput of 871Mbps and UL throughput of 99Mbps)
  • 1 Cell OTA in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + CUE) via OTA connection to UE devices

    (Achieving 8 CUEs connected for greater than 8 hours)

4T4R EA Overall Configuration and KPIs

Feature Configuration Supported
Release 15 SA TDD 7.2 CatA Y
Subcarrier spacing (SCS) 30kHz Y
sub-6 frequency spectrum n78 Germany (3700 - 3800 MHz) Y
sub-6 frequency spectrum n48 US CBRS (3550 - 3700 MHz) Y
sub-6 frequency spectrum N79 N
Channel bandwidth 100 Mhz Y
MIMO Layers support DL : 4 layer UL : 2 layer Y
100MHz cells per GPU [AX800] Up to 4 peak cells Up to 8 average cells (50%) Y
100MHz cells per GPU [GH200] Up to 10 peak cells Up to 20 average cells (50%) Y
Peak throughput per cell DL : 1.38 Gbps per cell UL : 210 Mbps per cell Y
Number of RRC Connected UEs per cell 100 Y
Number of active data transmitting UEs per cell 256 N
Number of UEs/TTI DL : 16 UE/TTI UL : 16 UE/TTI Y
Frame structure and slot format DDDSUUDDDD S = 6:4:4 (DL: G: UL) Y
DSUUUDSUUU N
DDDSU Y
User plane latency (RRC connected mode) 10ms one way for DL and UL Y
Synchronization and Timing support IEEE 1588v2 PTP / SyncE ORAN LLS-C3 Y
MTU size 1500 bytes Y
Modulation 256 QAM DL 256 QAM UL Y
Soak Testing 8 hours Y

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall ORU Ecosystem

ORU Configuration Freq Band Supported
Foxconn RPQN-7801E 4T4R 3.7GHz - 3.8GHz (indoors) Y
Fujitsu TA08029-B059 4T4R 3.6GHz - 3.7GHz Y
Foxconn RP0N-7800 4T4R 3.7GHz - 3.8GHz (outdoors) N
Fujitsu MU-MIMO 32T32R 3.7GHz - 3.8GHz N
Foxconn RPQN-4800E 4T4R CBRS 3.55GHz - 3.7GHz, indoor N

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall UE Ecosystem

UE Configuration
Camera FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL
Camera FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G (EU) SU-MIMO 4DL, 2UL
Handset OnePlus Nord 5G AC2003 EU/UK Model SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL
Handset Oppo Reno 5G SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL
Handset Samsung S22 SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL
Handset Samsung S23 SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL

5G Infrastructure Integration

5G RAN Integration

Function Features Supported
gNB Baseband functions for
  • signal processing using multiple antennas
  • signal processing for detecting and correcting errors in the wireless transmission
  • signal processing to ensure that the wireless transmission is secure
  • managing the wireless resources efficiently between different devices in the network
 Yes
O-RU Radio functions to convert digital information into signals that can be transmitted wirelessly, ensuring that the transmitted signals are in the right frequency bands and have the correct power levels. Includes antennas which radiate the electrical signals into radio waves Yes
UE End user devices such as smartphones, routers, tablets, HMDs, CPEs Yes

5G Mobile Core (NGC) integration

Function Features Supported
AMF Core Access and Mobility Management Function Connection and reachability management, mobility management, access authentication and authorization, location services Yes
SMF Session Management Function UE session, including IP address allocation, selection of associated UP function, control aspects of QoS, and control aspects of UP routing. Yes
PCF Policy Control Function Manage policy rules that other CP functions then enforce. Yes
UDM Unified Data Management Manage user identity, including generation of authentication credentials. Yes
AUSF Authentication Server Function Essentially an authentication server Yes
UDR Unified Data Repository Repository of subscriber information that can be used by other microservies. For example UDM Yes
NCHF New Charging Function Cover all the network’s needs of charging and interaction with billing systems Yes
CP - SDSF Structured Data Storage “Helper” service used to store structured data. Yes
CP - UDSF Unstructured Data Storage “helper” service used to store unstructured data. Yes
CP - NEF Network Exposure Function Expose select capabilities to third-party services, including translation between internal and external representations for data. Could be implemented by an “API Server” in a microservices-based system. N
CP - NRF NF Repository Function A means to discover available services. N
CP - NSSF Network Slicing Selector Function A means to select a Network Slice to serve a given UE. Network slices are essentially a way to partition network resources in order to differentiate service given to different users. N
UP - UPF User Plane Function Forwards traffic between RAN and the Internet. In addition to packet forwarding, it is responsible for policy enforcement, lawful intercept, traffic usage reporting, and QoS policing Y

5G NSE Overall Network Deployment Topologies

Topology Configuration Supported
On Prem Isolated Island Co-located gNB + CN + MEC applications Yes
Colocated 5G infra with low latency MEC applications + centralized 5GC MEC applications + gNB + UPF with centralized 5G CN (CUPS support - with SBA and to minimize latency in user plane) N
Campus Distributed MEC applications (latency tolerant) Campus Distributed MEC applications + colocated (gNB + UPF + CN) - (Non latency sensitive applications can be distributed and leverage an existing enterprise network data stream) N
CUPS Architecture Support N

Aerial E2E Reference BOM and Component Manifest

5G Infra Component HW and SW Revision Manifest Supported
gNB Gigabyte Edge E251-U70 Server x 1 Y
Dell PowerEdge R750 Server Y
Altran L2+ N
CN Dell PowerEdge R750 Server Y
Altran CN N
FH Switch Dell PowerSwitch S5248F-ON Y
Adva switch FSP 150 XG400 Y
Spectrum switch SN3750X N
Ciena switch 5164 Y
Cisco switch N9K-C93180YC-FX3S Y
GM QULSAR Qg 2 Multi-Sync Gatway Y
Cables Dell C2G 1m LC-LC 50/125 Duplex Multimode OM4 Fiber Cable - Aqua - 3ft – Optical patch cable Y
NVIDIA MCP1600-C001E30N DAC Cable Ethernet 100GbE QSFP28 1m Y
Beyondtech 5m (16ft) LC UPC to LC UPC Duplex OM3 Multimode PVC (OFNR) 2.0mm Fiber Optic Patch Cable Y
CableCreation 3ft Cat5/Cat6 Ethernet Cables Y
PDUs Tripp Lite 1.4kW Single-Phase Monitored PDU with LX Platform Interface, 120V Outlets (8 5-15R), 5-15P, 12ft Cord, 1U Rack-Mount, TAA Y
Transceivers Finisar SFP-to-RJ45 Transceiver Y
Intel Ethernet SFP+SR Optics Y
Dell SFP28-25G-SR Transceiver Y
Ethernet Switch Netgear ProSafe Plus JGS524E Rackmount Y

Supported O-Rus

ORU Configuration Freq Band Supported New
Foxconn RPQN-7801E 4T4R 3.7GHz - 3.8GHz (indoors) Y
Fujitsu TA08029-B059 4T4R 3.6GHz - 3.7GHz Y
Foxconn RP0N-7800 4T4R 3.7GHz - 3.8GHz (outdoors) N New
Fujitsu MU-MIMO 32T32R 3.7GHz - 3.8GHz N New
Foxconn RPQN-4800E 4T4R CBRS 3.55GHz - 3.7GHz, indoor N New

Supported UEs

UE Configuration Peak Tput Supported
Camera FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL DL NA UL NA Y
Camera FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G (EU) SU-MIMO 4DL, 2UL DL UL Y
Handset OnePlus Nord 5G AC2003 EU/UK Model SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL DL 850Mbps UL 55 Mbps Y
Handset Oppo Reno 5G SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL DL 850Mbps UL 55 Mbps Y
Handset Samsung S22 SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL DL NA UL NA Y
Handset Samsung S23 SU-MIMO 4DL, 1UL DL NA UL NA Y
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