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Sym (Latest Release)

Modulus Sym Geometry

geometry.geometry

Defines base class for all geometries

class modulus.sym.geometry.geometry.Geometry(curves, sdf, dims, bounds, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>, interior_epsilon=1e-06)[source]

Bases: object

Base class for all geometries

property dims: returns: dims – output can be [‘x’], [‘x’,’y’], or [‘x’,’y’,’z’] :rtype: List[srt]

repeat(spacing: float, repeat_lower: List[int], repeat_higher: List[int], center: Union[None, List[float]] = None)[source]

Finite Repetition of geometry.

Parameters

spacing (float) – Spacing between each repetition.
repeat_lower (List[int]) – How many repetitions going in negative direction.
repeat_upper (List[int]) – How many repetitions going in positive direction.
center (Union[None, List[Union[float, sympy.Basic]]] = None) – If given then center the rotation around this point.

rotate(angle: ~typing.Union[float, ~sympy.core.basic.Basic], axis: str = 'z', center: ~typing.Union[None, ~typing.List[float]] = None, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Rotates geometry.

Parameters

angle (Union[float, sympy.Basic]) – Angle of rotate in radians. Can be a sympy expression if parameterizing.
axis (str) – Axis of rotation. Default is “z”.
center (Union[None, List[Union[float, sympy.Basic]]] = None) – If given then center the rotation around this point.
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization if translation is parameterized.

sample_boundary(nr_points: int, criteria: Optional[Basic] = None, parameterization: Optional[Parameterization] = None, quasirandom: bool = False)[source]

Samples the surface or perimeter of the geometry.

Parameters

nr_points (int) – number of points to sample on boundary.
criteria (Union[sympy.Basic, None]) – Only sample points that satisfy this criteria.
parameterization (Union[Parameterization, None], optional) – If the geometry is parameterized then you can provide ranges for the parameters with this. By default the sampling will be done with the internal parameterization.
quasirandom (bool) – If true then sample the points using the Halton sequences. Default is False.

Returns

points – Dictionary contain a point cloud sampled uniformly. For example in 2D it would be ``` points = {‘x’: np.ndarray (N, 1),

’y’: np.ndarray (N, 1), ‘normal_x’: np.ndarray (N, 1), ‘normal_y’: np.ndarray (N, 1), ‘area’: np.ndarray (N, 1)}

``` The area value can be used for Monte Carlo integration like the following, total_area = np.sum(points[‘area’])

Return type

Dict[str, np.ndarray]

sample_interior(nr_points: int, bounds: Optional[Bounds] = None, criteria: Optional[Basic] = None, parameterization: Optional[Parameterization] = None, compute_sdf_derivatives: bool = False, quasirandom: bool = False)[source]

Samples the interior of the geometry.

Parameters

nr_points (int) – number of points to sample.
bounds (Union[Bounds, None]) – Bounds to sample points from. For example, bounds = Bounds({Parameter(‘x’): (0, 1), Parameter(‘y’): (0, 1)}). By default the internal bounds will be used.
criteria (Union[sympy.Basic, None]) – Only sample points that satisfy this criteria.
parameterization (Union[Parameterization, None]) – If the geometry is parameterized then you can provide ranges for the parameters with this.
compute_sdf_derivatives (bool) – Compute sdf derivatives if true.
quasirandom (bool) – If true then sample the points using the Halton sequences. Default is False.

Returns

points – Dictionary contain a point cloud sampled uniformly. For example in 2D it would be ``` points = {‘x’: np.ndarray (N, 1),

’y’: np.ndarray (N, 1), ‘sdf’: np.ndarray (N, 1), ‘area’: np.ndarray (N, 1)}

``` The area value can be used for Monte Carlo integration like the following, total_area = np.sum(points[‘area’])

Return type

Dict[str, np.ndarray]

scale(x: ~typing.Union[float, ~sympy.core.basic.Basic], parameterization: ~modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization = <modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Scales geometry.

Parameters

x (Union[float, sympy.Basic]) – Scale factor. Can be a sympy expression if parameterizing.
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization if scale factor is parameterized.

translate(xyz: ~typing.List[~typing.Union[float, ~sympy.core.basic.Basic]], parameterization: ~modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization = <modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Translates geometry.

Parameters

xyz (List[Union[float, sympy.Basic]]) – Translation. Can be a sympy expression if parameterizing.
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization if translation is parameterized.

geometry.adf

class modulus.sym.geometry.adf.ADF[source]

Bases: Module

Used for hard imposition of boundary conditions. Currently supports 2d geometries and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Contributors: M. A. Nabian, R. Gladstone, H. Meidani, N. Sukumar, A. Srivastava Reference: “Sukumar, N. and Srivastava, A., 2021.

Exact imposition of boundary conditions with distance functions in physics-informed deep neural networks. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, p.114333.”

static circle_adf(points: Tuple[Tensor], radius: float, center: Tuple[float]) → Tensor[source]

Computes the pointwise approximate distance for a circle

Parameters

points (Tuple[torch.Tensor]) – ADF will be computed on these points
radius (float) – Radius of the circle
center (Tuple[float]) – Center of the circle

Returns

omega – pointwise approximate distance

Return type

torch.Tensor

forward(invar)[source]

Define the computation performed at every call.

Should be overridden by all subclasses.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.

static infinite_line_adf(points: Tuple[Tensor], point_1: Tuple[float], point_2: Tuple[float]) → Tensor[source]

Computes the pointwise approximate distance for an infinite line

Parameters

points (Tuple[torch.Tensor]) – ADF will be computed on these points
point_1 (Tuple[float]) – One of the two points that form the infinite line
point_2 (Tuple[float]) – One of the two points that form the infinite line

Returns

omega – pointwise approximate distance

Return type

torch.Tensor

static line_segment_adf(points: Tuple[Tensor], point_1: Tuple[float], point_2: Tuple[float]) → Tensor[source]

Computes the pointwise approximate distance for a line segment

Parameters

points (Tuple[torch.Tensor]) – ADF will be computed on these points
point_1 (Tuple[float]) – Point on one end of the line segment
point_2 (Tuple[float]) – Point on the other ned of the line segment

Returns

omega – pointwise approximate distance

Return type

torch.Tensor

static r_equivalence(omegas: List[Tensor], m: float = 2.0) → Tensor[source]

Computes the R-equivalence of a collection of approximate distance functions

Parameters

omegas (List[torch.Tensor]) – List of ADFs used to compute the R-equivalence.
m (float) – Normalization order

Returns

omega_E – R-equivalence distance

Return type

torch.Tensor

static transfinite_interpolation(bases: List[Tensor], indx: int, eps: float = 1e-08) → Tensor[source]

Performs transfinite interpolation of the boundary conditions

Parameters

bases (List[torch.Tensor]) – List of ADFs used for the transfinite interpolation.
indx (int) – index of the interpolation basis
eps (float) – Small value to avoid division by zero

Returns

w – Interpolation basis corresponding to the input index

Return type

torch.Tensor

static trimmed_circle_adf(points: Tuple[Tensor], point_1: Tuple[float], point_2: Tuple[float], sign: int, radius: float, center: float) → Tensor[source]

Computes the pointwise approximate distance of a trimmed circle

Parameters

points (Tuple[torch.Tensor]) – ADF will be computed on these points
point_1 (Tuple[float]) – One of the two points that form the trimming infinite line
point_2 (Tuple[float]) – One of the two points that form the trimming infinite line
sign (int) – Specifies the trimming side
radius (float) – Radius of the circle
center (Tuple[float]) – Center of the circle

Returns

omega – pointwise approximate distance

Return type

torch.Tensor

geometry.curve

Defines different Curve objects

class modulus.sym.geometry.curve.Curve(sample, dims, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: object

A Curve object that keeps track of the surface/perimeter of a geometry. The curve object also contains normals and area/length of curve.

approx_area(parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>, criteria=None, approx_nr=10000, quasirandom=False)[source]

Parameters

parameterization (dict with of Parameters and their ranges) – If the curve is parameterized then you can provide ranges for the parameters with this.
criteria (None, SymPy boolean exprs) – Calculate area discarding regions that don’t satisfy this criteria.
approx_nr (int) – Area might be difficult to compute if parameterized. In this case the area is approximated by sampling area, approx_nr number of times. This amounts to monte carlo integration.

Returns

area – area of curve

Return type

float

property dims: returns: dims – output can be [‘x’], [‘x’,’y’], or [‘x’,’y’,’z’] :rtype: list of strings

rotate(angle, axis, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

rotate curve

Parameters: x (float, SymPy Symbol/Exprs) – scale factor.

scale(x, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

scale curve

Parameters: x (float, SymPy Symbol/Exprs) – scale factor.

translate(xyz, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

translate curve

Parameters: xyz (tuple of floats, ints, SymPy Symbol/Exprs) – translate curve by these values.

class modulus.sym.geometry.curve.SympyCurve(functions, parameterization, area, criteria=None)[source]

Bases: Curve

Curve defined by sympy functions

Parameters

functions (dictionary of SymPy Exprs) –

Parameterized curve in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions. For example, a circle might have:

Copy
Copied!

            
            functions = {'x': cos(theta),
    'y': sin(theta),
    'normal_x': cos(theta),
    'normal_y': sin(theta)}

TODO: refactor to remove normals.

ranges (dictionary of Sympy Symbols and ranges) – This gives the ranges for the parameters in the parameterized curve. For example, a circle might have ranges = {theta: (0, 2*pi)}.
area (float, int, SymPy Exprs) – The surface area/perimeter of the curve.
criteria (SymPy Boolean Function) – If this boolean expression is false then we do not sample their on curve. This can be used to enforce uniform sample probability.

geometry.discrete_geometry

Defines a Discrete geometry

class modulus.sym.geometry.discrete_geometry.DiscreteGeometry(geometries, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>, interior_epsilon=1e-06)[source]

Bases: Geometry

Constructs a geometry for a discrete list of geometries

geometry.parameterization

class modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Bounds(bound_ranges: ~typing.Dict[~modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameter, ~typing.Tuple[~typing.Union[float, ~sympy.core.basic.Basic], ~typing.Union[float, ~sympy.core.basic.Basic]]], parameterization: ~modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization = <modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: object

A object used to store bounds for geometries.

Parameters

bound_ranges (Dict[Parameter, Tuple[Union[float, sympy.Basic], Union[float, sympy.Basic]]) – Dictionary of Parameters with names “x”, “y”, or “z”. The value given for each of these is a tuple of the lower and upper bound. Sympy expressions can be used to define these upper and lower bounds.
parameterization (Parameterization) – A Parameterization object used when the upper and lower bounds are parameterized.

property dims: returns: dims – output can be [‘x’], [‘x’,’y’], or [‘x’,’y’,’z’] :rtype: list of strings

sample(nr_points: int, parameterization: Optional[Parameterization] = None, quasirandom: bool = False)[source]

Sample points in Bounds.

Parameters

nr_points (int) – Number of points sampled from parameterization.
parameterization (Parameterization) – Given if sampling bounds with different parameterization then the internal one stored in Bounds. Default is to not use this.
quasirandom (bool) – If true then sample the points using Halton sequences. Default is False.

volume(parameterization: Optional[Parameterization] = None)[source]

Compute volume of bounds.

Parameters: parameterization (Parameterization) – Given if sampling bounds with different parameterization then the internal one stored in Bounds. Default is to not use this.

class modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.OrderedParameterization(param_ranges, key)[source]

Bases: Parameterization

A object used to store ordered parameterization information about user-specified keys.

Parameters: param_ranges (Dict[Parameter, Union[float, Tuple[float, float], np.ndarray (N, 1)]) – Dictionary of Parameters and their ranges. The ranges can be one of the following types, :obj: Float will sample the parameter equal to this value. :obj: Tuple of two float as the bounding range to sample parameter from. :obj: np.ndarray as a discrete list of possible values for the parameter.

sample(nr_points: int, quasirandom: bool = False, sort: Optional = 'ascending')[source]

Sample ordered parameterization values.

Parameters

nr_points (int) – Number of points sampled from parameterization.
quasirandom (bool) – If true then sample the points using Halton sequences. Default is False.
sort (None or {'ascending','descending'}) – If ‘ascending’ then sample the sorted points in ascending order. If ‘descending’ then sample the sorted points in descending order. Default is ‘ascending’.

class modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameter(name: str)[source]

Bases: Symbol

A Symbolic object used to parameterize geometries.

Currently this only overloads the Sympy Symbol class however capabilities may be expanded in the future.

Parameters: name (str) – Name given to parameter.

class modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization(param_ranges: Dict[Parameter, Union[float, Tuple[float, float], ndarray]] = {})[source]

Bases: object

A object used to store parameterization information about geometries.

Parameters: param_ranges (Dict[Parameter, Union[float, Tuple[float, float], np.ndarray (N, 1)]) – Dictionary of Parameters and their ranges. The ranges can be one of the following types, :obj: Float will sample the parameter equal to this value. :obj: Tuple of two float as the bounding range to sample parameter from. :obj: np.ndarray as a discrete list of possible values for the parameter.

sample(nr_points: int, quasirandom: bool = False)[source]

Sample parameterization values.

Parameters

nr_points (int) – Number of points sampled from parameterization.
quasirandom (bool) – If true then sample the points using Halton sequences. Default is False.

geometry.primitives_1d

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_1d.Line1D(point_1, point_2, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

1D Line along x-axis

Parameters

point_1 (int or float) – lower bound point of line
point_2 (int or float) – upper bound point of line
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_1d.Point1D(point, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

1D Point along x-axis

Parameters

point (int or float) – x coordinate of the point
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

geometry.primitives_2d

Primitives for 2D geometries see https://www.iquilezles.org/www/articles/distfunctions/distfunctions.html

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_2d.Channel2D(point_1, point_2, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Channel (no bounding curves in x-direction)

Parameters

point_1 (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – lower bound point of channel
point_2 (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – upper bound point of channel
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_2d.Circle(center, radius, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Circle

Parameters

center (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – center point of circle
radius (int or float) – radius of circle
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_2d.Ellipse(center, major, minor, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Ellipse

Parameters

center (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – center point of circle
radius (int or float) – radius of circle
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_2d.Line(point_1, point_2, normal=1, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Line parallel to y-axis

Parameters

point_1 (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – lower bound point of line segment
point_2 (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – upper bound point of line segment
normal (int or float) – normal direction of line (+1 or -1)
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_2d.Polygon(points, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Polygon

Parameters

points (list of tuple with 2 ints or floats) – lower bound point of line segment
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_2d.Rectangle(point_1, point_2, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Rectangle

Parameters

point_1 (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – lower bound point of rectangle
point_2 (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – upper bound point of rectangle
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_2d.Triangle(center, base, height, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Isosceles Triangle Symmetrical axis parallel to y-axis

Parameters

center (tuple with 2 ints or floats) – center of base of triangle
base (int or float) – base of triangle
height (int or float) – height of triangle
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

geometry.primitives_3d

Primitives for 3D geometries see https://www.iquilezles.org/www/articles/distfunctions/distfunctions.html

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Box(point_1, point_2, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Box/Cuboid

Parameters

point_1 (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – lower bound point of box
point_2 (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – upper bound point of box
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Channel(point_1, point_2, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Channel (no bounding surfaces in x-direction)

Parameters

point_1 (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – lower bound point of channel
point_2 (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – upper bound point of channel
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Cone(center, radius, height, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Cone Axis parallel to z-axis

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – base center of cone
radius (int or float) – base radius of cone
height (int or float) – height of cone
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Cylinder(center, radius, height, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Cylinder Axis parallel to z-axis

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – center of cylinder
radius (int or float) – radius of cylinder
height (int or float) – height of cylinder
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.ElliCylinder(center, a, b, height, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Elliptical Cylinder Axis parallel to z-axis

Approximation based on 4-arc ellipse construction https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241719740_Approximating_an_ellipse_with_four_circular_arcs

Please manually ensure a>b

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – center of base of ellipse
a (int or float) – semi-major axis of ellipse
b (int or float) – semi-minor axis of ellipse
height (int or float) – height of elliptical cylinder
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.IsoTriangularPrism(center, base, height, height_prism, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

2D Isosceles Triangular Prism Symmetrical axis parallel to y-axis

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – center of base of triangle
base (int or float) – base of triangle
height (int or float) – height of triangle
height_prism (int or float) – height of triangular prism
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Plane(point_1, point_2, normal=1, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Plane perpendicular to x-axis

Parameters

point_1 (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – lower bound point of plane
point_2 (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – upper bound point of plane
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Sphere(center, radius, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Sphere

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – center of sphere
radius (int or float) – radius of sphere
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Tetrahedron(center, radius, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Tetrahedron The 4 symmetrically placed points are on a unit sphere. Centroid of the tetrahedron is at origin and lower face is parallel to x-y plane Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedron

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – centroid of tetrahedron
radius (int or float) – radius of circumscribed sphere
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.Torus(center, radius, radius_tube, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Torus

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – center of torus
radius (int or float) – distance from center to center of tube (major radius)
radius_tube (int or float) – radius of tube (minor radius)
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.TriangularPrism(center, side, height, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

3D Uniform Triangular Prism Axis parallel to z-axis

Parameters

center (tuple with 3 ints or floats) – center of prism
side (int or float) – side of equilateral base
height (int or float) – height of prism
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

class modulus.sym.geometry.primitives_3d.VectorizedBoxes(box_bounds, dx=0.0001)[source]

Bases: Geometry

Vectorized 3D Box/Cuboid for faster surface and interior sampling. This primitive can be used if many boxes are required and is significantly faster then combining many boxes together with Boolean operations.

Parameters

box_bounds (np.ndarray) – An array specifying the bounds of boxes. Shape of array is [nr_boxes, 3, 2] where the last dim stores the lower and upper bounds respectively.
dx (float) – delta x used for SDF derivative calculations.

geometry.tessellation

Defines base class for all mesh type geometries

class modulus.sym.geometry.tessellation.Tessellation(mesh, airtight=True, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

Bases: Geometry

Constructive Tessellation Module that allows sampling on surface and interior of a tessellated geometry.

Parameters

mesh (Mesh (numpy-stl)) – A mesh that defines the surface of the geometry.
airtight (bool) – If the geometry is airtight or not. If false sample everywhere for interior.
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

classmethod from_stl(filename, airtight=True, parameterization=<modulus.sym.geometry.parameterization.Parameterization object>)[source]

makes mesh from STL file

Parameters

filename (str) – filename of mesh.
airtight (bool) – If the geometry is airtight or not. If false sample everywhere for interior.
parameterization (Parameterization) – Parameterization of geometry.

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