Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Features for 5G gNB#

The 5G gNB capabilities, procedures, and interfaces have dependencies on Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN PHY Layer. The purpose of this section is to ensure that the Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN provides support for gNB capabilities, procedures, and interfaces.

Highlights#

  • PUCCH Format 1 I+N and SINR, DTX for UCI on PUSCH

  • Predefined BeamId support

  • Foxconn O-RU support

  • Cell life cycle management

  • 4T4R TDD 7 beam support

  • 8-port CSI-RS

  • Dynamic OAM supporting out-of-service updates:

    1. Dest MAC and VLAN ID

    2. exponent_dl

    3. dl_iq_data_fmt

    4. ul_iq_data_fmt

    5. exponent_ul

    6. max_amp_ul

    7. section_3_time_offset

    8. pusch_prb_stride

    9. prach_prb_stride

    10. fh_len_range

    11. lower_guard_bw

    12. gps_alpha (Shared across cells)

    13. gps_beta (Shared across cells)

    14. prachRootSequenceIndex

    15. prachZeroCorrConf

    16. numPrachFdOccasions

    17. restrictedSetConfig

    18. prachConfigIndex

    19. K1

  • Fronthaul Extension to 50km

  • Simultaneous fronthaul ports for higher fronthaul bandwidth

  • Multiple BandWidth Part (BWP) support

  • 4T4R TDD bandwidth: 10MHz, 30MHz, 40MHz, 50MHz and 80MHz

  • Carrier aggregation:

    1. 100MHz + 80MHz

    2. 100MHz + 40MHz

    3. 80MHz + 40MHz

    4. 100MHz + 80MHz + 40MHz

  • L1 startup time within 30 seconds

  • Support for multiple L2 on a single converged card

  • Cell-Id starts from 0 for all pods

Capabilities#

Homogeneous Cell Lifecycle Mgmt - Cell State Mgmt (IS/OOS)#

Feature

Supported

Support cell activation and de-activation.

This is commonly refered to as taking a carrier OOS (Out of Service) and bringing it to IS (In Service) states

Y

Fronthaul Port Failover Validation (Active-Standby) of C/U/S-Planes#

Feature

Supported

Supports switching to secondary FH port within same BF3 card on primary FH port failure, transitioning

C/U/S-Plane traffic from primary port to secondary FH port without stopping L1

Y

Procedures#

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall Beam and Carrier Mobility#

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Inter-gNB Handover

UE moves from 1 gNB to another gNB

  • UL RRC transfer

  • UE Context Modification Request/Response

  • UE Context Release

  • Serving and Target gNB cells can support different frequencies

N

Intra-DU Handover

Cell-level mobility: UE establishes new connection to new carrier (inter-cell) supported by UE context modification procedure

  • UE Context Modification Request/Response

  • UE Context Release

  • Serving and Target Cells can support different frequencies

Y

Beam Mobility

UE establishes data path to new beam within carrier coverage (intra-cell)

N

Mobility at low speeds

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN shall support pedestrian mobility by modeling the 3GPP channels and 38.104 requirements

N

Mobility at vehicular speeds

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN shall support mobility at high vehicular speeds - up to 70mph (Doppler Shift = 400Hz)

N

UL Power Control#

Feature

Description

Supported

Single UE Power Control

BS initiated power control for single UEs

Y

UE Group Power Control

BS initiated power control for UE groups

Y

Carrier Aggregation#

Feature

Description

Supported

Carrier Aggregation

Transmissions in multiple cells can be aggregated to support inter-band and intra-band configurations

Y

100MHz

Up to 2 cells aggregation (1CC,2CC), intra-band contiguous

Y

Up to 2 cells aggregation (1CC,2CC), intra-band non-contiguous

Y

Up to 4 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC,3CC,4CC), inter-band non contiguous

Y

Narrowband Carrier Aggregation (ZMhz)

Configurable up to 4 component carriers

Y

Interfaces#

gNB Interfaces#

Interface

Supported

NG Interface (TS 38.410)

Y

Xn interface (TS 38.420)

N

F1 interface (TS 38.470)

Y

E1 interface (TS 38.460)

N

Front Haul interface - ORAN 7.2 Split (CUS version 3)

Y

E2 interface

N

O1 interface

N

Network, Services, and KPIs#

This section includes E2E integration configuration and KPIs for appropriate NEs across 5G RAN, CN, and 5G infrastructure.

Highlights#

  • 4 Peak Cells validated in eCPRI/ RF cabled setup. 8 Peak cells validated in eCPRI setup

  • 4 DL Layers and 2 UL Layers validated in 4T4R configuration

  • 6 UE/TTI Validated

  • Simultaneous Front Haul capability supported.

  • Multi L2 also validated with each L2 supporting different cells.

  • 1 Cell OTA verified

E2E Summary#

  • 8 Peak Cells in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + UE-EM) via eCPRI connection to test equipment

    (Achieving aggregate DL throughput of 11.2Gbps and aggregate UL throughput of 1.68Gbps)

  • 4 Peak Cell in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + UE-EM) via RF cable connection to O-RU

    (Achieving aggregate DL throughput of 5.72Gbps and aggregate UL throughput of 800Mbps)

  • 1 Cell OTA in E2E configuration (CN + RAN + CUE) via OTA connection to UE device

    (Achieving DL throughput of 955Mbps and UL throughput of 105Mbps)

  • 1 Cell OTA testing in Bands n78 and CBRS

  • AI-RAN: Validated peak cell performance with MIG enabled

4T4R Overall Configuration and KPIs#

Feature

Configuration

Release 15 SA

TDD 7.2 CatA

Subcarrier spacing (SCS)

30kHz

sub-6 frequency spectrum

n78 Germany (3700 - 3800 MHz)

sub-6 frequency spectrum

n48 US CBRS (3550 - 3700 MHz)

Channel bandwidth

100 Mhz

MIMO Layers support

DL : 4 layer

UL : 2 layer

100MHz cells

Up to 4 peak cells

Up to 8 peak cells

Peak throughput per cell

DL : 1.46 Gbps per cell

UL : 210 Mbps per cell

Number of RRC Connected UEs per cell (Cabled Environment)

100

Number of RRC Connected UEs per cell (OTA Environment)

8

Number of UEs/TTI

DL : 16 UE/TTI

UL : 16 UE/TTI

Frame structure and slot format

DDDSUUDDDD

S = 6:4:4 (DL: G: UL)

DSUUU

DDDSU

User plane latency (RRC connected mode)

10ms one way for DL and UL

Synchronization and Timing support

IEEE 1588v2 PTP / SyncE

ORAN LLS-C3

MTU size

1500 / 8192 bytes

Modulation

256 QAM DL

256 QAM UL

Soak Testing

8 hours

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall ORU Ecosystem#

ORU

Configuration

Freq Band

Foxconn

RPQN-7801E

4T4R

3.7GHz - 3.8GHz

(indoors)

Fujitsu

TA08029-B059

4T4R

3.6GHz - 3.7GHz

Foxconn

RP0N-7800

4T4R

3.7GHz - 3.8GHz

(outdoors)

Foxconn

RPQN-4800E

4T4R

CBRS

3.55GHz - 3.7GHz, (indoors)

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Overall UE Ecosystem#

UE

Configuration

Camera

FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

Camera

FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G (EU)

SU-MIMO

4DL, 2UL

CUE

OnePlus Nord 5G AC2003 EU/UK Model

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Oppo Reno 5G

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Samsung S22

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Samsung S23

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Xiaomi 13 pro

SU-MIMO

4DL, 2UL

CUE

Google Pixel 8

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

Programmable UE

NI X410 with OAI stack

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

5G Infrastructure Integration#

5G RAN Integration#

Function

Features

Supported

gNB

Baseband functions for

  • signal processing using multiple antennas

  • signal processing for detecting and correcting errors in the wireless transmission

  • signal processing to ensure that the wireless transmission is secure

  • managing the wireless resources efficiently between different devices in the network

Y

O-RU

Radio functions to convert digital information into signals that can be transmitted wirelessly, ensuring that the transmitted signals are in the right frequency bands and have the correct power levels.

Includes antennas which radiate the electrical signals into radio waves

Y

UE

End user devices such as smartphones, routers, tablets, HMDs, CPEs

Y

5G Mobile Core (NGC) integration#

Function

Features

Supported

AMF

Core Access and Mobility Management Function

Connection and reachability management, mobility management, access authentication and authorization, location services

Y

SMF

Session Management Function

UE session, including IP address allocation, selection of associated UP function, control aspects of QoS, and control aspects of UP routing.

Y

PCF

Policy Control Function

Manage policy rules that other CP functions then enforce.

Y

UDM

Unified Data Management

Manage user identity, including generation of authentication credentials.

Y

AUSF Authentication Server Function

Essentially an authentication server

Y

UDR

Unified Data Repository

Repository of subscriber information that can be used by other microservies. For example UDM

Y

NCHF

New Charging Function

Cover all the network’s needs of charging and interaction with billing systems

Y

CP - SDSF

Structured Data Storage

“Helper” service used to store structured data.

Y

CP - UDSF

Unstructured Data Storage

“helper” service used to store unstructured data.

Y

CP - NEF

Network Exposure Function

Expose select capabilities to third-party services, including translation between internal and external representations for data. Could be implemented by an “API Server” in a microservices-based system.

N

CP - NRF

NF Repository Function

A means to discover available services.

N

CP - NSSF

Network Slicing Selector Function

A means to select a Network Slice to serve a given UE. Network slices are essentially a way to partition network resources in order to differentiate service given to different users.

N

UP - UPF

User Plane Function

Forwards traffic between RAN and the Internet. In addition to packet forwarding, it is responsible for policy enforcement, lawful intercept, traffic usage reporting, and QoS policing

Y

5G NSE Overall Network Deployment Topologies#

Topology

Configuration

Supported

On Prem Isolated Island

Co-located gNB + CN + MEC applications

Y

Colocated 5G infra with low latency MEC applications + centralized 5GC

MEC applications + gNB + UPF with centralized 5G CN (CUPS support - with SBA and to minimize latency in user plane)

N

Campus Distributed MEC applications

(latency tolerant)

Campus Distributed MEC applications + colocated (gNB + UPF + CN) - (Non latency sensitive applications can be distributed and leverage an existing enterprise network data stream)

Y

CUPS Architecture Support

N

Aerial E2E Reference BOM and Component Manifest#

5G Infra Component

HW and SW Revision Manifest

Supported

gNB

SMC Grace Hopper MGX Serve with BF3 NIC

Y

Dell PowerEdge R750 Server with A100X

Y

Altran L2+

Y

CN

Dell PowerEdge R750 Server

Y

Altran CN

Y

FH Switch

Dell PowerSwitch S5248F-ON

Y

Adva switch FSP 150 XG400

Y

Spectrum switch SN3750X

Y

Ciena switch 5164

Y

Cisco switch N9K-C93180YC-FX3S

Y

GM

QULSAR Qg 2 Multi-Sync Gatway

Y

Cables

Dell C2G 1m LC-LC 50/125 Duplex Multimode OM4 Fiber Cable - Aqua - 3ft – Optical patch cable

Y

NVIDIA MCP1650-V01AE30 DAC Cable Ethernet 200GbE QSFP28 1.5m

Y

NVIDIA MCP1600-C001E30N DAC Cable Ethernet 100GbE QSFP28 1m

Y

Beyondtech 5m (16ft) LC UPC to LC UPC Duplex OM3 Multimode PVC (OFNR) 2.0mm Fiber Optic Patch Cable

Y

CableCreation 3ft Cat5/Cat6 Ethernet Cables

Y

PDUs

Tripp Lite 1.4kW Single-Phase Monitored PDU with LX Platform Interface, 120V Outlets (8 5-15R), 5-15P, 12ft Cord, 1U Rack-Mount, TAA

Y

Transceivers

Finisar SFP-to-RJ45 Transceiver

Y

Intel Ethernet SFP+SR Optics

Y

Dell SFP28-25G-SR Transceiver

Y

Ethernet Switch

Netgear ProSafe Plus JGS524E Rackmount

Y
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