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cuPHY Features#

This release of the Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN supports the following configurations and features. These features are verified with test vectors in a simulated environment using TestMAC and RU emulator.

L1 Features Overview#

High-level PHY capabilities include:

  • Error detection on the transport channel and indication to higher layers

  • FEC encoding/decoding of the transport channel

  • Hybrid ARQ soft-combining

  • Rate matching of the coded transport channel to physical channels

  • Mapping of the coded transport channel onto physical channels

  • Power weighting of physical channels

  • Modulation and demodulation of physical channels including:

    • Frequency and time synchronization

    • Radio characteristics measurements and indication to higher layers

    • Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna processing

    • Transmit Diversity (TX diversity)

    • Digital and Analog Beamforming

    • RF processing

Features

Configuration

Supported

Standard support

3GPP 5G NR Rel 15

P

Duplexing Mode

TDD

Y

Narrow Bandwidth (MHz)

30 MHz, 40 MHz, 50 MHz, 80 MHz

P

Channel Bandwidth (MHz)

100 MHz

Y

Subcarrier Spacing (kHz)

30khz

Y

Maximum Number of Subcarriers (Max number of RBs x Num of Subcarriers per RB) = 273 x 12

3276

Y

Downlink Waveform

CP-OFDM

Y

Uplink Waveform

CP-OFDM

Y

DFT-s-OFDM (for data and control)

Y

Configurable to DFT-s-OFDM (for data and Control)

Y

Number of Downlink SU-MIMO layers

Up to 4

Y

Number of Uplink SU-MIMO layers

Up to 4

Y

Number of Downlink MU-MIMO layers

Up to 16

Y

Number of Uplink MU-MIMO layers

Up to 8

Y

Number of TX physical antennas

1

N

2

Y

4

Y

8

N

64

Y

Number of RX physical antennas

1

N

2

Y

4

Y

8

N

64

Y

Slot format

DDDSUUDDDD

S = 6:4:4 (DL: G: UL)

Y

Carrier Aggregation

Configurable component carriers

Y

Configurable BW Parts

Up to 4

Y

BBU-RRU split option

7.1

Y

7.2

Y

8

N

Maximum Downlink throughput per user (Mbps) 4T4R configuration

1870

Y

Maximum Uplink throughput per user (Mbps) 4T4R configuration

467

Y

MIMO Features#

  • Support 64 Transmit and Receive antenna ports

  • Support SRS-based channel estimation, buffering and FAPI-compliant reporting to L2

  • Support PUSCH and PDSCH Dynamic beamforming weight (BFW) calculation from SRS channel estimates (regularized zero-forcing)

  • Support up to 8 layers multi-user MIMO PUSCH

  • Support up to 16 layers multi-user MIMO PDSCH

  • Support of upto 6 cells with multi-user MIMO configuration

LDPC Decoder#

  • LDPC decoder optimized for various GPU SM architectures

TS 38.211 Numerologies, Physical Resources, Modulation, Sequence, Signal Generation#

PHY Numerologies#

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Numerologies:Normal CP

μ=0:SCS=15kHz, 14symbol/slot, 10slot/frame, 1slot/subframe, Normal CP

N

μ=1:SCS=30kHz, 14symbol/slot, 20slot/frame, 2slot/subframe, Normal CP

Y

μ=2:SCS=60kHz, 14symbol/slot, 40slot/frame, 4slot/subframe, Normal CP

N

μ=3:SCS=120kHz, 14symbol/slot, 80slot/frame, 8slot/subframe, Normal CP

N

μ=4:SCS=240kHz, 14symbol/slot, 160slot/frame, 16slot/subframe, Normal CP

N

Numerologies:Extended CP

μ=2:SCS=60kHz, 12symbol/slot, 40slot/frame, 4slot/subframe, Extended CP

N

PHY Physical Resources#

Feature

Supported

Antenna Ports

Y

Resource Grid

Y

Resource Elements

Y

Resource Block

Y

Resource Block - Common Resource Block(CRB)

Y

Resource Block - Physical Resource Block(PRB)

Y

Resource Block - Virtual Resource Block (VRB)

Y

Bandwidth Part (BWP)

Dynamically adapt the carrier bandwidth and numerology in which a UE operates

A bandwidth part is a subset of contiguous common resource blocks for a given numerology μi in bandwidth part i on a given carrier.

A UE can be configured with up to four bandwidth parts in UL and DL

Y

PHY Physical Resources – BWP#

Feature

Supported

Bandwidth Part (BWP)

Dynamically adapt the carrier bandwidth and numerology in which a UE operates

A bandwidth part is a subset of contiguous common resource blocks for a given numerology μi in bandwidth part i on a given carrier

A UE can be configured with up to four bandwidth parts in both UL and DL

Y

Default Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN startup configuration to not use BWP, can be enabled to support BWP on a per carrier basis (while cell OOS)

N

Default Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN startup configuration to not use BWP, can be enabled to support BWP on a per carrier basis at startup

N

Carrier Aggregation#

Feature

Description

Supported (emulated)

Carrier Aggregation

Transmissions in multiple cells can be aggregated to support inter-band and intra-band configurations

Y

100 MHz

Up to 2 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC)

Y

Up to 4 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC,3CC, 4CC)

Y

Narrowband Carrier Aggregation (Z Mhz)

Configurable upto 4 component carriers

Y

PHY Modulation Mapper#

Modulation Scheme

Supported

Pi/2 BPSK

Y

BPSK

Y

QPSK

Y

16QAM

Y

64QAM

Y

256QAM

Y

PHY Sequence Generation#

Feature

Description

Supported

Sequence Generation

Pseudo-random sequence generation

Generic pseudo-random sequences are defined by a length-31 Gold sequence

Y

Low-PAPR sequence generation type 1

Y

Low-PAPR sequence generation type 2

Y

OFDM Baseband Signal Generation (UL DFT-S-OFDM)#

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Signal generation for all channels except PRACH & RIM-RS

RU support expected

PRACH

RU support expected

RIM-RS

RU support expected

Uplink waveform

Support concurrent UE configuration to use CP-OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM on same cell.

DFT-S-OFDM for UL.

Some specific parameters:

  • Support for PUSCH and for PUCCH format 3

  • Support 0.5 pi-BPSK for Modulation

  • Support DMRS group hopping

  • Support DMRS sequence hopping

Y

Physical Channels and Reference Signals#

Category

L1 requirement

Supported

Downlink Channels (TX )

PDSCH processing

Y

PDCCH processing

Y

PBCH processing

Y

Downlink signals (TX )

DMRS for PDSCH

Y

DMRS for PDCCH

Y

DMRS for PBCH

Y

PSS, SSS

Y

CSI-RS, TRS

Y

PT-RS

N

Downlink Physical Resources

Antenna ports starting with 1000 for PDSCH

Y

Antenna ports starting with 2000 for PDCCH

Y

Antenna ports starting with 3000 for channel-state information reference signals

Y

Antenna ports starting with 4000 for SS/PBCH block transmission

Y

Uplink Channels (RX )

PUSCH processing

Y

PUCCH processing

Y

PRACH processing

Y

Uplink signals (RX)

DMRS for PUSCH

Y

DMRS for PUCCH

Y

SRS

Y

PT-RS

N

Uplink physical Resources

Antenna ports starting with 0 for PUSCH and associated demodulation reference signals

Y

Antenna ports starting with 1000 for SRS

Y

Antenna ports starting with 2000 for PUCCH

Y

Antenna port 4000 for PRACH

Y

Channel - PRACH (PHY Random Access Channel)#

PRACH capabilities include:

  • Format B4 (multiple per slot in FDM)

  • Interference level reporting

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Format

A1

N

A2

N

A3

N

B1

N

B2

N

B3

N

B4

Y

C0

N

C2

N

0

N

1

N

2

N

3

N

Subcarrier Spacing (kHz)

1.25

N

5

N

15

N

30

Y

Sequence cyclic shift

Zadoff-Chu sequence

Y

Preamble length

839

N

139

Y

Number of PRACH occasions per TTI

4 FDM

Y

Contention based Random Access

Configurable non-contention based Random Access

N

PHY UL Reference Signals#

PUSCH

Signal

Configuration

Supported

PUSCH DMRS sequence generation when transform precoding is disabled

Y

PUSCH DMRS sequence generation when transform precoding is enabled

Neither group, nor sequence hopping is enabled

Y

Group hopping is enabled and sequence hopping is disabled

Y

Sequence hopping is enabled and group hopping is disabled

Y

Demodulation reference signal for PUSCH Mapping to physical resources

DM-RS configuration type 1

Y

DM-RS configuration type 2

N

UL-DMRS-max-len=1

Y

UL-DMRS-max-len=2

Y

UL-DMRS-add-pos=0

Y

UL-DMRS-add-pos=1

Y

UL-DMRS-add-pos=2

Y

UL-DMRS-add-pos=3

Y

Phase-tracking reference signals for PUSCH Sequence generation

transform precoding is not enabled

N

transform precoding is enabled

N

Phase-tracking reference signals for PUSCH Mapping to physical resources

transform precoding is disabled

N

transform precoding is enabled

N

PUCCH

Signal

Configuration

Supported

Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH format 1

no intra-slot frequency hopping

Y

intra-slot frequency hopping enabled

Y

Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH format 2

Y

Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH format 3 (Format 4 not supported)

No additional DM-RS, No hopping

Y

No Additional DM-RS, hopping

Y

Additional DM-RS, No hopping

Y

Additional DM-RS, hopping

Y

SRS

SRS capabilities include:

  • Support SRS reporting for upto 64T64R BB Antenna ports.

  • Support SRS reporting according to 5G FAPI 222.10.04 for beamManagemnt, codebook and non-codebook SRS usage.

  • Support SRS reporting according to 5G FAPI 222.10.02 for SINR reporting.

Signal

Configuration

Supported

Sounding reference signal resource

Antenna ports=1, 1OFDM symbols

Y

Antenna ports=1, 2OFDM symbols

Y

Antenna ports=1, 4OFDM symbols

Y

Antenna ports=2, 1OFDM symbpls

Y

Antenna ports=2, 2OFDM symbols

Y

Antenna ports=2, 4OFDM symbols

Y

Antenna ports=4, 1OFDM symbpls

Y

Antenna ports=4, 2OFDM symbols

Y

Antenna ports=4, 4OFDM symbols

Y

Sounding reference signal Sequence generation

KTC=2

Y

KTC=4

Y

KTC=8

Y

Sounding reference signal Mapping to physical resources

CSRS=0~63

Y

Sounding reference signal slot configuration

Indicated by higher layer parameter SRS-Config

Y

PTRS

Signal

Configuration

Supported

PTRS

N

Channel - PDSCH (PHY DL Shared Channel)#

PDSCH capabilities include:

  • SU-MIMO layers: up to 4

  • MU-MIMO layers: up to 16

  • Modulation and coding rates: MCS 0 – MCS 27

  • Supports Cat-A O-RAN split and Cat-B O-RAN split. For Cat-A O-RAN split, PDSCH is implemented up to modulation and precoding. For Cat-B O-RAN split, PDSCH is implemented up to the rate matching block.

  • Precoding (4 layers)

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Scrambling

Y

Modulation schemes

QPSK

Y

16 QAM

Y

64 QAM

Y

256 QAM

Y

Transmission Mode

4T4R SU-MIMO up to 4 layers

Y

64T64R MU-MIMO up to 16 layers

Y

Number of codewords

1

Y

2

N

Number of antenna ports

1000 - 1011

Y

Number of physical antennas

4

Y

64

Y

Beamforming weight calculation

regularized zero-forcing

Y

Precoding

non-codebook

Y

pre-coding weight

Y

Type I Single-Panel Codebook

N

Type I Multi-Panel Codebook

N

Type II Codebook

N

Type II Port Selection Codebook

N

PDSCH mapping type

Type A

Y

Type B

Y

Resource allocation type

Type 0 (4T4R only)

Y

Type 1

Y

VRB to PRB mapping Type

Non-interleaved

Y

Interleaved

N

PDSCH DMRS CDM groups without data

1

Y

2

Y

3

N/A

Number PDSCH users per TTI

16

Y

Power Control

PDSCH

Y

DMRS - PDSCH

Y

Channel - PDCCH (Physical DL Control Channel)#

PDCCH capabilities include:

  • Interleaved and non-interleaved mode

  • Aggregation level (AL) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

  • 1, 2, 3 symbol CORESET

  • Precoding (1 layer)

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Scrambling

Up to 2 codewords

N

CORESET

Normal

Y

RMSI CORESET

Y

SSB - RMSI CORESET multiplexing pattern

Pattern 1

Y

Aggregation Level

1

Y

2

Y

4

Y

8

Y

16

Y

Modulation schemes

QPSK

Y

Layer mapping

Supported

Y

Antenna port mapping

Supported

Y

Mapping to virtual resource blocks

Supported

Y

Mapping from virtual to physical resource blocks

Non-interleaved VRB-to-PRB mapping

Y

Polar code

Block length up to 128 bits

Y

DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal)

m-sequence

Y

CCE To REG Mapping Type

Non-interleaved

Y

Interleaved

Y

Number OFDM symbol of CORESET

1

Y

2

Y

3

Y

Power Control

PDCCH

Y

DMRS-PDCCH

Y

DCI format

0_0

NA

0_1

NA

1_0

NA

1_1

NA

2_x

NA

Precoding

Precoding Matrix Idx based precoding in the DU

Y

Channel - PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)#

Configuration

cuBB Tested

Precoding

Y

Scrambling

SS/PBCH block index Lmax=4

Y

SS/PBCH block index Lmax=8

Y

SS/PBCH block index Lmax=64

Y

Modulation schemes

QPSK

Y

DMRS Support

Support

Y

PHY DL Reference Signals#

PDSCH

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Demodulation reference signals for PDSCH Sequence generation

Y

Demodulation reference signals for PDSCH Mapping to physical resources

DM-RS configuration type 1

Y

DM-RS configuration type 2

N

DL-DMRS-max-len=1

Y

DL-DMRS-max-len=2

Y

DL-DMRS-add-pos=0

Y

DL-DMRS-add-pos=1

Y

DL-DMRS-add-pos=2

Y

DL-DMRS-add-pos=3

Y

Phase-tracking reference signals (PTRS) for PDSCH Mapping to physical resources

LPT-RS=1

N

LPT-RS=2

N

LPT-RS=4

N

PDCCH

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Demodulation reference signals for PDCCH Sequence generation

Y

Demodulation reference signals for PDCCH Mapping to physical resources

Y

PBCH

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Demodulation reference signals for PBCH Sequence generation

Y

Demodulation reference signals for PBCH Mapping to physical resources

Y

CSI-RS

CSI-RS capabilities include:

  • NZP-CSI-RS

  • ZP-CSI-RS

  • Precoding (1 layer)

Feature

Configuration

Supported

CSI reference signals

Zero-power

Y

non-zero-power

Y

CSI reference signals Sequence generation

nID equals the higher-layer parameter ScramblingID

Y

CSI reference signals Mapping to physical resources

Row 1: 1 port, Density = 3, CDMtype = No CDM

Y

Row 2: 1 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = No CDM

Y

Row 3: 2 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 4: 4 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 5: 4 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 6: 8 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 7: 8 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 8: 8 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = CDM4 (FD2, TD2)

Y

Row 9: 12 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 10: 12 port, Density = 1, CDMtype = CDM4 (FD2, TD2)

Y

Row 11: 16 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 12: 16 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM4 (FD2, TD2)

Y

Row 13: 24 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 14: 24 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM4(FD2, TD2)

Y

Row 15: 24 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM8(FD2, TD4)

Y

Row 16: 32 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = FD-CDM2

Y

Row 17: 32 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM4(FD2, TD2)

Y

Row 18: 32 port, Density = 1, 0.5, CDMtype = CDM8(FD2, TD4)

Y

RIM

Feature

Configuration

Supported

RIM reference signal General

The first RIM-RS type can be used to convey information

N

The second RIM-RS type depends on configuration only

N

RIM reference signal Sequence generation

N

RIM reference signal Mapping to physical resources

N

RIM reference signal RIM-RS configuration

Enough Indication is disabled

N

Enough Indication is enabled

N

Positioning Reference

Positioning reference signal Sequence generation

N

Positioning reference signal Mapping to physical resources

LPRS = 2, Kcomb = 2

N

LPRS = 4, Kcomb = 2

N

LPRS = 6, Kcomb = 2

N

LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 2

N

LPRS = 4, Kcomb = 4

N

LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 4

N

LPRS = 6, Kcomb = 6

N

LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 6

N

LPRS = 12, Kcomb = 12

N

Synchronization Signals

SS Block capabilities include:

  • PSS, SSS generation

  • DMRS and PBCH generation and time-frequency mapping

  • Precoding (1 layer)

Feature

Configuration

Supported

SSB numerology

30 kHz

Y

SSB precoding

supported

Y

SSB burst set configuration

2 SS blocks w/ single SSB burst set

Y

Synchronization signal generation

PSS generation and mapping to physical resources

Y

SSS generation and mapping to physical resources

Y

SS/PBCH block

Mapping of PSS within an SS/PBCH block

Y

Mapping of SSS within an SS/PBCH block

Y

Mapping of PBCH and DM-RS within an SS/PBCH block

Y

Time-frequency structure and time location of an SS/PBCH block

Y

TS 38.212 Multiplexing and Channel Coding#

Multiplexing and Channel Coding#

Feature

Configuration

Supported

General Procedures

CRC calculation

All CRC len supported

(6, 11, 16, 24)

Y

Code block segmentation and code block CRC attachment

  • Polar coding

  • Low density parity check coding

Y

Transport to physical channel mapping - UL

UL-SCH -> PUSCH

Y

RACH -> PRACH

Y

UCI -> PUCCH,PUSCH

Y

Transport to physical channel mapping - DL

DL-SCH -> PDSCH

Y

BCH -> PBCH

Y

PCH -> PDSCH

Y

DCI -> PDCCH

Y

Channel coding schemes

Polar coding

Y

Low density parity check coding (LDPC)

Y

Channel coding of small block lengths

Y

Rate matching

Rate matching for Polar code

Y

Rate matching for LDPC code

Y

Rate matching for channel coding of small block lengths

Y

Code block concatenation

sequentially concatenating the rate matching outputs for the different code blocks

  • LDPC

  • Polar Coding

Y

uplink transport channels and control information

Random access channel

Y

Uplink shared channel

  • LDPC graph selection

  • Rate Matching

  • Code block concatenation

  • Data & Control Mulitiplexing

Y

Uplink control information

  • Uplink control information on PUCCH

  • Uplink control information on PUSCH

Y

downlink transport channels and control information

Broadcast channel

Y

Downlink shared channel and paging channel

Y

Downlink control information

  • DCI formats

  • CRC attachment

  • Channel coding

Y

UCI multiplexing on PUCCH

support muxing mode as per 38.212 - 6.3.1.1

Y

TS 38.213 Physical Layer Procedures for Control#

PHY Control Procedures#

PHY RACH

Category

L1 requirement

Supported

Type-1 random access procedure

Y

Type-2 random access procedure

N

UCI reporting on PUSCH

Category

L1 Requirement

Supported

Short block codes for UCI

Input: 1 - 11 bits output 32 bits

Y

Multiplexing of coded UCI bits to PUSCH

CSI part 1, support maximum 48 bit

Y

CSI part 1 and CSI part 2, support maximum 48 bit

Y

Decoding UCI on PUSCH with PUSCH data (UCI-ON-PUSCH scaling) 0.5/0.65/0.8/1

N

Decoding UCI on PUSCH without PUSCH data (UCI-ON-PUSCH scaling) 0.5/0.65/0.8/1

N

HARQ information length maximum 128

Y

Semi-static offset

N

Dynamic offset

N

UCI Reporting on PUCCH

Category

L1 Requirement

Supported

UCI reporting on PUCCH

PUCCH Resource Sets before RRC connection establishment

N

PUCCH Resource Sets for RRC connected UE

N

UE procedure for reporting multiple UCI types

N

PUCCH repetition procedure

N

UE-Group Common Signaling

Category

L1 Requirement

Supported

UE-group common signaling

Slot configuration

N

UE procedure for determining slot format

N

Interrupted transmission indication

N

Cancellation indication

N

Group TPC commands for PUCCH/PUSCH

N

SRS switching

N

Bandwidth Part Operation

Category

L1 Requirement

Supported

BWP

Configurable up to 4

Y

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {15, 15} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {15, 15} kHz for frequency bands operated with shared spectrum channel access

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {15, 30} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 15} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 30} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 5 MHz or 10 MHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 30} kHz for frequency bands operated with shared spectrum channel access

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 15} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 40MHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {30, 30} kHz for frequency bands with minimum channel bandwidth 40MHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {120, 60} kHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {120, 120} kHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {240, 60} kHz

N

Set of resource blocks and slot symbols of CORESET for Type0-PDCCH search space set when {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS is {240, 120} kHz

N

Parameters for PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 1 and FR1

N

Parameters for PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 1 and FR2

N

PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 2 and {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS {120, 60} kHz

N

PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block andCORESET Multiplexing pattern 2 and {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS {240, 120} kHz

N

PDCCH monitoring occasions for Type0-PDCCH CSS set - SS/PBCH block and CORESET Multiplexing pattern 3 and {SS/PBCH block, PDCCH} SCS {120, 120} kHz

N

Integrated access-backhaul operation

N

Dual active protocol stack based handover

N

TS 38.214 Physical Layer Procedures for Data#

PHY Data Procedures#

Category

L1 Requirement

Supported

UL PUSCH Procedures

Transmission Scheme

Codebook-based

Y

Non-codebook-based

Y

Resource allocation

Type 0 (4T4R only)

N

Type 1

Y

Modulation order, redundancy version and transport block size determination

Y

Code block group based PUSCH transmission

N

MCS Table

Table64QAM

Y

Table256QAM

Y

Table64QAMLowSE

Y

PUSCH mapping type

Type A

Y

Type B

Y

CBG retransmission bitmap

Enable

N

Disable

Y

PHY Measurements - 4T4R#

PUSCH measurements#

Measurements

Supported Config

Supported cuBB Tested

RSS

4T4R

Y

RSRP

4T4R

Y

Pn+I pre-eq (Noise+Interference power)

4T4R

Y

Pn+I post-eq (Noise+Interference power)

4T4R

Y

SINR pre-eq

4T4R

Y

SINR post-eq

4T4R

Y

Timing Advance

4T4R

Y

PUCCH measurements#

Measurements

Supported Config

Supported cuBB Tested

PUCCH Format 0

4T4R

Y

PF0 RSS

4T4R

Y

PF0 RSRP

4T4R

Y

PF0 Pn+i

4T4R

Y

PF0 timing advance

4T4R

Y

PUCCH Format 1

4T4R

Y

PF1 RSS

4T4R

Y

PF1 RSRP

4T4R

Y

PF1 Pn+i

4T4R

Y

PF1 timing advance

4T4R

Y

PUCCH Format 2

4T4R

Y

PF2 RSS

4T4R

Y

PF2 RSRP

4T4R

Y

PF2 Pn+i

4T4R

Y

PF2 timing advance

4T4R

Y

PUCCH Format 3

4T4R

Y

PF3 RSS

4T4R

Y

PF3 RSRP

4T4R

Y

PF3 Pn+i

4T4R

Y

PF3 timing advance

4T4R

Y

PUCCH Format 4

4T4R

N

PF4 RSS

4T4R

N

PF4 RSRP

4T4R

N

PF4 Pn+i

4T4R

N

PF4 timing advance

4T4R

N

PRACH measurements#

Measurements

Supported Config

Supported cuBB Tested

Pn+i (Noise+Interference power)

4T4R

Y

Preamble signal strength

4T4R

Y

SRS measurements#

Measurements

Supported Config

Supported cuBB Tested

SNR

4T4R

Y

Received signal strength

4T4R

Y

Timing advance

4T4R

Y

All channels measurements#

Measurements

Supported Config

Supported cuBB Tested

Both pre-equalization and post-equalization across all channels should be configurable and supported

4T4R

N

TS 38.104 Base Station (BS) Radio Transmission and Reception#

PHY Performance Conformance#

Feature

Configuration

Supported

PUSCH

PUSCH with transform precoding disabled

4T4R

Y

PUSCH with transform precoding enabled

4T4R

Y

UCI multiplexed on PUSCH

4T4R

Y

PUCCH

DTX to ACK probability

4T4R

N

Performance requirements for PUCCH format 0

4T4R

N

Performance requirements for PUCCH format 1

4T4R

N

Performance requirements for PUCCH format 2

4T4R

N

Performance requirements for PUCCH format 3

4T4R

N

Performance requirements for PUCCH format 4

4T4R

N

Performance requirements for multi-slot PUCCH

4T4R

N

PRACH

Performance requirements for PRACH

PRACH False alarm probability

N

PRACH detection requirements

N

FH Interfaces#

4T4R L1 - L2 Layer Interface Based on SCF FAPI#

Feature

Configuration (10.02)

Supported (Emulated)

SCF control interface must support the following messages

Config.request

4T4R

Y

Config.response

4T4R

Y

Start.request

4T4R

Y

Stop.request

4T4R

Y

Stop.indication

4T4R

Y

Error.indication

4T4R

Y

Param.request (cap query)

4T4R

Y

Param.response

4T4R

Y

SCF data interface includes the following messages

DL_TTI.request

4T4R

Y

UL_TTI.request

4T4R

Y

UL_DCI.request

4T4R

Y

SLOT errors

4T4R

Y

TX_Data.request

4T4R

Y

Rx_Data.indication

4T4R

Y

CRC.indication

4T4R

Y

UCI.indication

4T4R

Y

SRS.indication

4T4R

Y

RACH.indication

4T4R

Y

PHY FH Interface#

Feature

Description

Supported

IOT Profiles

Simultaneous support of TDD profile(s) and TDD pattern on single GPU

  • NR TDD IOT Profile 1: NR-TDD-FR1-CAT-A-NoBF

  • NR TDD IOT Profile 2: NR-TDD-FR1-CAT-A-DBF

Y

O-RAN CUS plane features with fronthaul 7.2-x split: [10][11]

Simultaneous O-RU category support on same GPU/DU

  • CAT-A (precoding supported for PDCSH)

  • CAT-B

Y

Beamforming

  • Predefined beamID based beamforming

  • Weight based dynamic beamforming (regularized zero-forcing)

Y

IQ compression & bit-width

  • Modulation compression

  • Static-bit-width Fixed point IQ (14 bit)

  • BFP IQ Compression (9 bit)

Y

O-DU timing

  • Defined transport delay method

Y

Synchronization

  • G8275.1 (full timing support)

  • LLS-C3 with PTP + SyncE

Y

Transport features

  • eCPRI

  • Application layer fragmentation

  • QoS over fronthaul

Y

Section types

  • Section Type 1 (DL/UL channels)

  • Section Type 3 (PRACH)

  • Multiple sections within a single C-plane message

Y

Digital power scaling

  • UL gain correction

  • DL reference level adjustment

Y

Rx window monitoring,

Counters like

  • Data received too early

  • Data received too late

  • Data received on-time

Y

gNB Functionality Enablers#

This section lists Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN enablers for 5G gNB higher-layer capabilities, procedures, and interfaces.

Capabilities#

Homogeneous Cell Lifecycle Mgmt - Cell State Mgmt (IS/OOS)#

Feature

Supported

Support cell activation and de-activation.

This is commonly referred to as taking a carrier OOS (Out of Service) and bringing it to IS (In Service) states

Y

Fronthaul Port Failover Validation (Active-Standby) of C/U/S-Planes#

Feature

Supported

Supports switching to secondary FH port within same BF3 card on primary FH port failure, transitioning

C/U/S-Plane traffic from primary port to secondary FH port without stopping L1

Y

Procedures#

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN Beam and Carrier Mobility#

Feature

Configuration

Supported

Inter-gNB Handover

UE moves from 1 gNB to another gNB

  • UL RRC transfer

  • UE Context Modification Request/Response

  • UE Context Release

  • Serving and Target gNB cells can support different frequencies

N

Intra-DU Handover

Cell-level mobility: UE establishes new connection to new carrier (inter-cell) supported by UE context modification procedure

  • UE Context Modification Request/Response

  • UE Context Release

  • Serving and Target Cells can support different frequencies

Y

Beam Mobility

UE establishes data path to new beam within carrier coverage (intra-cell)

N

Mobility at low speeds

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN shall support pedestrian mobility by modeling the 3GPP channels and 38.104 requirements

N

Mobility at vehicular speeds

Aerial CUDA-Accelerated RAN shall support mobility at high vehicular speeds - up to 70mph (Doppler Shift = 400Hz)

N

UL Power Control#

Feature

Description

Supported

Single UE Power Control

BS initiated power control for single UEs

Y

UE Group Power Control

BS initiated power control for UE groups

Y

Carrier Aggregation#

Feature

Description

Supported

Carrier Aggregation

Transmissions in multiple cells can be aggregated to support inter-band and intra-band configurations

Y

100MHz

Up to 2 cells aggregation (1CC,2CC), intra-band contiguous

Y

Up to 2 cells aggregation (1CC,2CC), intra-band non-contiguous

Y

Up to 4 cells aggregation(1CC,2CC,3CC,4CC), inter-band non contiguous

Y

Narrowband Carrier Aggregation (ZMhz)

Configurable up to 4 component carriers

Y

gNB Interfaces#

Interface

Supported

NG Interface (TS 38.410)

Y

Xn interface (TS 38.420)

N

F1 interface (TS 38.470)

Y

E1 interface (TS 38.460)

N

Front Haul interface - ORAN 7.2 Split (CUS version 3)

Y

E2 interface

N

O1 interface

N

Tested Configurations and KPIs#

This section includes tested end-to-end (Core Network, RAN, O-RUs and UEs) configurations and KPIs.

E2E Highlights (GH200)#

  • 20 cells (4T4R) validated

    • BW = 100MHz, 4 DL Layers and 2 UL Layers

    • In an eCPRI environment

  • FH Port Resiliency validated with 4 Cells

    • Open Virtual Switch (OVS)

    • Dual Port PTP

    • EVPN-MH FH Transport Network

    • In RF cabled Environment

  • Massive MIMO (64T64R) OTA Field Trial Validation

    • Single Cell, BW = 100MHz

    • Simultaneous MU-MIMO up to 16UEs (1 Layer each) and 8UEs (2 Layers each)

  • FH Compression validated for Massive MIMO (64T64R)

    • BFP9 and ModComp for 6UEs (1 Layer each) and 4UEs (2 Layers each)

  • Enabled Multi-UE (up to 100UEs) traffic sessions

4T4R Configuration and KPIs#

Feature

Configuration

Release 15 SA

TDD 7.2 CatA

Subcarrier spacing (SCS)

30kHz

sub-6 frequency spectrum

n78 (3700 - 3800 MHz)

sub-6 frequency spectrum

n48 (3600 - 3700 MHz)

Channel bandwidth

100 MHz

MIMO Layers support

DL : 4 layer

UL : 2 layer

100MHz cells

Up to 20 cells

Peak throughput per cell

DL : 1.46 Gbps per cell

UL : 210 Mbps per cell

Number of RRC Connected UEs per cell (Cabled Environment)

100

Number of RRC Connected UEs per cell (OTA Environment)

8

Number of RRC Connected UEs per cell

50

Number of UEs/TTI

DL : 16 UE/TTI

UL : 16 UE/TTI

Frame structure and slot format

DDDSUUDDDD

S = 6:4:4 (DL: G: UL)

DSUUU

DDDSU

User plane “ping” latency (RRC connected mode)

10ms one way for DL and UL

Synchronization and Timing support

IEEE 1588v2 PTP / SyncE

ORAN LLS-C3

MTU size

1500 / 8192 bytes

Modulation

256 QAM DL

256 QAM UL

Soak Testing

8 hours

Tested O-RUs#

ORU

Configuration

Freq Band

WNC

R1220

4T4R

n77 / n78 / n79

(indoors)

Fujitsu

TA08029-B059

4T4R

3.6GHz - 3.7GHz

Foxconn

RPQN-7801E

4T4R

3.7GHz - 3.8GHz

(indoors)

Foxconn

RP0N-7800

4T4R

3.7GHz - 3.8GHz

(outdoors)

Foxconn

RPQN-4800E

4T4R

CBRS: 3.55GHz - 3.7GHz

(indoors)

Note

Foxconn is no longer selling the O-RUs listed above.

Tested UEs#

UE

Configuration

Camera

FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

Camera

FourFaith Camera F-SC241-216-5G (EU)

SU-MIMO

4DL, 2UL

CUE

OnePlus Nord 5G AC2003 EU/UK Model

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Oppo Reno 5G

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Samsung S22

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Samsung S23

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Xiaomi 13 pro

SU-MIMO

4DL, 2UL

CUE

Google Pixel 8

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

Programmable UE

NI X410 with OAI stack

SU-MIMO

4DL, 1UL

CUE

Sony Xperia

SU-MIMO

4DL, 2UL

Multicell Capacity#

The tested L2 timeline is as follows:

  • FAPI SLOT.indication for Slot N is sent from L1 to L2 at the wall-clock time for Slot N-3 (i.e. 3 slot advance).

Supports 500us L2 processing budget and 7 beam peak and average patterns as defined below using 100MHz:

On Grace Hopper:

  • BFP9: 20 4T4R Peak cells / 20 4T4R average cells

while respecting the following configuration for 7 beam traffic patterns:

TDD 4T4R - 80 Slot Traffic Models#

4T4R 7-beam config

Configuration

Peak

Average

Compression

BFP9 and BFP14

BFP9 and BFP14

Max PxSCH PRB

270

132

PxSCH layer count

4DL/2UL

4DL/2UL

DL Throughput/cell

1544.14 Mbps

558.90 Mbps

UL Throughput/cell

196.70 Mbps

79.91 Mbps

Peak DL Fronthaul Bandwidth / cell

11.06 Gbps BFP14

5.46 Gbps BFP14

7.14 Gbps BFP9

3.58 Gbps BFP9

Peak UL Fronthaul Bandwidth / cell

11.88 Gbps BFP14

6.34 Gbps BFP14

8.03 Gbps BFP9

4.57 Gbps BFP9

SSB slots

Frame 0 & 2: 0,1,2,3

Frame 0 & 2: 0,1,2,3

#SSB per slot

Frame 0 & 2: 2,2,2,1

Frame 0 & 2: 2,2,2,1

TRS slots

Frame 0-3: 6,7,8,9,10,11

Frame 0-3: 6,7,8,9,10,11

Frame 0 & 2: 16,17

Frame 0 & 2: 16,17

TRS Symbols

Even cells: 6,10

Even cells: 6,10

Odd cells: 5,9

Odd cells: 5,9

CSI-RS slots

Frame 0: 8,10,16

Frame 0: 8,10,16

Frame 1: 6,8,10

Frame 1: 6,8,10

Frame 2: 6

Frame 2: 6

CSI-RS Symbols

Even cells: 12

Even cells: 12

Odd cells: 13

Odd cells: 13

PDCCH #DCI

12 (6 DL + 6 UL per slot)

12 (6 DL + 6 UL per slot)

UE/TTI/Cell

6 per DL slot, 6 per UL slot

6 per DL slot, 6 per UL slot

UCI on PUSCH HARQ+CSIP1+CSIP2 (bits)

4+37+5

4+37+5

PUCCH format

1

1

PUCCH payload (bits)

18

18

PRACH format

B4

B4

PRACH slots

Frame 0-3: 5, 15

Frame 0-3: 5, 15

PRACH occasions

Slot 5: 4, Slot 15: 3

Slot 5: 4, Slot 15: 3

On Grace Hopper:

  • BFP9: 6 64T64R Peak cells

while respecting the following traffic patterns:

TDD 64T64R - 80 Slot Traffic Model#

64T64R config

Configuration

Peak

Compression

BFP9 / ModCompression

Max PxSCH PRB

273

PxSCH layer count

16DL/8UL

DL Throughput/cell

4897.52 Mbps

UL Throughput/cell

718.19 Mbps

SSB slots

Frame 0 & 2: 0

#SSB per slot

Frame 0 & 2, slot 0 : 1

TRS slots

Frame 1 & 3: 0,1

TRS Symbols

5,9

CSI-RS slots

Frame 1 & 3: 3

CSI-RS Symbols

CSI-RS : 4,5

ZP-CSI-RS: 2,3

PDCCH

Frame 1 & 3: slot = 10 : CCH

slot%10 = 1,2 : 24 DCI (16 DL + 8 UL)

slots = 0,3,6,7,8,9 : 16 DCI (16 DL)

UE/TTI/Cell

16 per DL slot, 8 per UL slot

UCI on PUSCH HARQ+CSIP1+CSIP2 (bits)

4+18+7

PUCCH formats for ACK

slot 4, 5: 3 slot 14 : 1, 3 slot 15 : 1

PUCCH ACK payload (bits)

slot 4 : PF3 4bits x 16UEs slot 5 : PF1 2bits x 32UEs slot 14: PF3 3bits x 21UEs + PF1 1bit x 1UE slot 15: PF1 1bit x 64UEs

PUCCH formats for SR

slot 4, 5, 14, 15: 1

PUCCH payload (bits)

PF1 1bit x 72UEs

PRACH format

B4

PRACH slots

Frame 0-3: 5

PRACH occasions

1

SRS slots

Frame 0,1,2,3: 3, 13

SRS resources per frame

48 (24 two-port SRS UEs)

CPU core usage for multicell benchmark (core isolation needed on all cores):

On Grace Hopper:

MIMO antenna configuration

4T4R

64T64R

L1 CPU core count*

10

16

  • Above core count does not include allocation for PTP applications (phc2sys+ptp4l)

Note

Stated performance achievement and CPU core count usage is for L1 workload only (additional non-L1 workloads in E2E setting may have an impact on the achieved performance and/or CPU core count usage)

Note

Performance achievement is measured by running L1 in steady-state traffic mode (e.g. impact of workloads such as cell reconfiguration on other cells is not captured)

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