Important

You are viewing the NeMo 2.0 documentation. This release introduces significant changes to the API and a new library, NeMo Run. We are currently porting all features from NeMo 1.0 to 2.0. For documentation on previous versions or features not yet available in 2.0, please refer to the NeMo 24.07 documentation.

Exporting NeMo Models#

Exporting Models#

Most of the NeMo models can be exported to ONNX or TorchScript to be deployed for inference in optimized execution environments, such as Riva or Triton Inference Server. Export interface is provided by the Exportable mix-in class. If a model extends Exportable, it can be exported by:

from nemo.core.classes import ModelPT, Exportable
# deriving from Exportable
class MyExportableModel(ModelPT, Exportable):
...

mymodel = MyExportableModel.from_pretrained(model_name="MyModelName")
model.eval()
model.to('cuda')  # or to('cpu') if you don't have GPU

# exporting pre-trained model to ONNX file for deployment.
mymodel.export('mymodel.onnx', [options])

How to Use Model Export#

The following arguments are for export(). In most cases, you should only supply the name of the output file and use all defaults:

def export(
    self,
    output: str,
    input_example=None,
    verbose=False,
    do_constant_folding=True,
    onnx_opset_version=None,
    check_trace: Union[bool, List[torch.Tensor]] = False,
    dynamic_axes=None,
    check_tolerance=0.01,
    export_modules_as_functions=False,
    keep_initializers_as_inputs=None,
):

The output, input_example, verbose, do_constant_folding, onnx_opset_version options have the same semantics as in Pytorch onnx.export() and jit.trace() functions and are passed through. For more information about Pytorch’s``onnx.export()``, refer to the torch.onnx functions documentation. Note that if input_example is None, Exportable.input_example() is called.

The file extension of the output parameter determines export format:

  • .onnx->ONNX

  • .pt or .ts -> TorchScript.

TorchScript-specific: By default, the module will undergo jit.trace(). You may require to explicitly pass some modules under jit.script() so that they are correctly traced.The check_trace arg is passed through to jit.trace().

ONNX-specific: If use_dynamic_axes is True, onnx.export() is called with dynamic axes. If dynamic_axes is None, they are inferred from the model’s input_types definition (batch dimension is dynamic, and so is duration etc).

If check_trace is True, the resulting ONNX also runs on input_example and the results compared to the exported model’s output, using the check_tolerance argument. Note the higher tolerance default.

How to Make Model Exportable#

If you are simply using NeMo models, the previous example is all you need to know. If you write your own models, this section highlights the things you need to be aware of after extending Exportable.

Exportable Hooks and Overrides#

You should not normally need to override Exportable default methods. However, Exportable.export() relies on the assumptions that certain methods are available in your class.

@property
def input_example(self) # => Tuple(input, [(input, ...], [Dict])
     """
    Generates input examples for tracing etc.
    Returns:
        A tuple of input examples.
     """

This function should return a tuple of (normally) Tensors - one per each of model inputs (args to forward()). The last element may be a Dict to specify non-positional arguments by name, as per Torch export() convention. For more information, refer to the Using dictionaries to handle Named Arguments as model inputs.

@property
def input_types(self):
@property
def output_types(self):

Those are needed for inferring in/out names and dynamic axes. If your model derives from ModulePT, those are already there. Another common scenario is that your model contains one or more modules that processes input and generates output. Then, you should override Exportable methods input_module() and output_module() to point to them, like in this example:

@property
def input_module(self):
    return self.fastpitch

@property
def output_module(self):
    return self.fastpitch

Your model should also have an export-friendly forward() method - that can mean different things for ONNX ant TorchScript. For ONNX, you can’t have forced named parameters without default, like forward(self, *, text). For TorchScript, you should avoid None and use Optional instead. The criteria are highly volatile and may change with every PyTorch version, so it’s a trial-and-error process. There is also the general issue that in many cases, forward() for inference can be simplified and even use less inputs/outputs. To address this, Exportable looks for forward_for_export() method in your model and uses that instead of forward() to export:

# Uses forced named args, many default parameters.
def forward(
    self,
    *,
    text,
    durs=None,
    pitch=None,
    speaker=0,
    pace=1.0,
    spec=None,
    attn_prior=None,
    mel_lens=None,
    input_lens=None,
):
    # Passes through all self.fastpitch outputs
    return self.fastpitch(
        text=text,
        durs=durs,
        pitch=pitch,
        speaker=speaker,
        pace=pace,
        spec=spec,
        attn_prior=attn_prior,
        mel_lens=mel_lens,
        input_lens=input_lens,
    )


# Uses less inputs, no '*', returns less outputs:
def forward_for_export(self, text):
    (
        spect,
        durs_predicted,
        log_durs_predicted,
        pitch_predicted,
        attn_soft,
        attn_logprob,
        attn_hard,
        attn_hard_dur,
        pitch,
    ) = self.fastpitch(text=text)
    return spect, durs_predicted, log_durs_predicted, pitch_predicted

To stay consistent with input_types()/output_types(), there are also those hooks in Exportable that let you exclude particular inputs/outputs from the export process:

@property
def disabled_deployment_input_names(self):
    """Implement this method to return a set of input names disabled for export"""
    return set(["durs", "pitch", "speaker", "pace", "spec", "attn_prior", "mel_lens", "input_lens"])

@property
def disabled_deployment_output_names(self):

Another common requirement for models that are being exported is to run certain net modifications for inference efficiency before exporting - like disabling masks in some convolutions or removing batch normalizations. A better style is to make those happen on ModelPT.eval() (and reversed on .train()), but it’s not always feasible so the following hook is provided in Exportable to run those:

def _prepare_for_export(self, **kwargs):
    """
    Override this method to prepare module for export. This is in-place operation.
    Base version does common necessary module replacements (Apex etc)
    """
# do graph modifications specific for this model
    replace_1D_2D = kwargs.get('replace_1D_2D', False)
    replace_for_export(self, replace_1D_2D)
# call base method for common set of modifications
    Exportable._prepare_for_export(self, **kwargs)

Some models that require control flow, need to be exported in multiple parts. Typical examples are RNNT nets. To facilitate that, the hooks below are provided. To export, for example, ‘encoder’ and ‘decoder’ subnets of the model, overload list_export_subnets to return [‘encoder’, ‘decoder’].

def get_export_subnet(self, subnet=None):
    """
    Returns Exportable subnet model/module to export
    """


def list_export_subnets(self):
    """
    Returns default set of subnet names exported for this model
    First goes the one receiving input (input_example)
    """

Some networks may be exported differently according to user-settable options (like ragged batch support for TTS or cache support for ASR). To facilitate that - set_export_config() method is provided by Exportable to set key/value pairs to predefined model.export_config dictionary, to be used during the export:

def set_export_config(self, args):
    """
    Sets/updates export_config dictionary
    """

Also, if an action hook on setting config is desired, this method may be overloaded by Exportable descendants to include one. An example can be found in <NeMo_git_root>/nemo/collections/asr/models/rnnt_models.py.

Here is example on now set_export_config() call is being tied to command line arguments in <NeMo_git_root>/scripts/export.py :

python scripts/export.py  hybrid_conformer.nemo hybrid_conformer.onnx --export-config decoder_type=ctc

Exportable Model Code#

Most importantly, the actual Torch code in your model should be ONNX or TorchScript - compatible (ideally, both). #. Ensure the code is written in Torch - avoid bare Numpy or Python operands. #. Create your model Exportable and add an export unit test, to catch any operation/construct not supported in ONNX/TorchScript, immediately.

For more information, refer to the PyTorch documentation: