Table of Contents

Physics-Informed Foundations

Neural Operators

Intermediate Case Studies

  • Interface Problem by Variational Method: In this example we show how to solve the PDEs in their variational form (weak solutions) using Modulus. Such formulation helps to solve the PDEs for which obtaining the solution in classical sense is very complex (e.g. problems with interface, singularities, etc.).

  • STL Geometry: Blood Flow in Intracranial Aneurysm: This example demonstrates import of an STL geometry (that can be exported from a CAD program) in Modulus. In this tutorial, Modulus uses its native SDF (Signed Distance Function) library to calculate the SDF for the points in the point cloud and determine if they are on, outside or inside the surface.

  • Moving Time Window: Taylor Green Vortex Decay: This example introduces Modulus’ sequential solver and solves the canonical Taylor-Green vortex decay problem using the moving time window approach

  • Electromagnetics: Frequency Domain Maxwell’s Equation: This example covers the electromagnetic simulations using PINNs, solving the frequency domain Maxwell’s equations.

  • Fully Developed Turbulent Channel Flow: This example shows the use of PINNs to solve a canonical turbulent flow in a 2D channel using two equation turbulence models and wall functions.

  • Turbulence Super Resolution: This example develops a super resolution surrogate model for predicting high-fidelity forced isotropic turbulence fields from filtered low-resolution observations.

Advanced Case Studies

  • Conjugate Heat Transfer: This example demonstrates the use of Modulus to study the conjugate heat transfer between a 3D heat sink and the surrounding fluid.

  • Parameterized 3D Heat Sink: This example showcases parameterization and the major computational advantage of PINNs in solving industrial scale design optimization problems.

  • Heat Transfer with High Thermal Conductivity: This example demonstrates Modulus for solving conjugate heat transfer problems with higher thermal conductivities that represent more realistic materials.

  • FPGA Heat Sink with Laminar Flow: This example showcases the various features and architectures in Modulus for more complex geometry.

  • Industrial Heat Sink: This example shows an even more complicated geometry with real physics. Such problems present a new class of complexities for the PINNs and algorithms like hFTB (heat transfer coefficient forward temperature backward), gradient aggregation and surrogate modeling through gPC (generalized polynomial chaos) are presented that help to tackle them.

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